संत साहित्य
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संत साहित्य · Jñāneśvarī · Adhyāya 13

Cluster 0477 — BG-13.22 — *upadraṣṭānumantā ca bhartā bhoktā maheśvaraḥ — paramātmeti cāpy ukto dehe'smin puruṣaḥ paraḥ*

BG-13.22

Sanskrit

उपद्रष्टाऽनुमन्ता च भर्ता भोक्ता महेश्वरः । परमात्मेति चाप्युक्तो देहेऽस्मिन पुरुषः परः ॥२२॥

Translation

WITNESS (upa-draṣṭā) + CONSENTER (anu-mantā) + SUSTAINER (bhartā) + ENJOYER (bhoktā) + GREAT-LORD (maheśvara) — and also CALLED PARAMĀTMĀ — IS THE SUPREME PURUṢA IN-THIS-BODY.

Function

BG-13.22 delivers the climactic verse of the PRAKṚTI-PURUṢA-distinction block (BG-13.19-22) with the iconic FIVE-FOLD PURUṢA-NAMING + the PARAMĀTMĀ-appellation + the precise iconic dehe'smin puruṣaḥ paraḥ (SUPREME PURUṢA IN-THIS-BODY) terminus:

(i) FIVE-FOLD PURUṢA-NAMING — (a) UPA-DRAṢṬĀ (WITNESS-from-NEAR, un-involved-yet-proximate); (b) ANU-MANTĀ (CONSENTER who ratifies prakṛti's activity without acting); (c) BHARTĀ (SUSTAINER of the entire deha-prakṛti-complex); (d) BHOKTĀ (ENJOYER of prakṛti's products, echoing BG-13.20's puruṣaḥ sukha-duḥkhānām bhoktṛtve hetur ucyate); (e) MAHEŚVARA (GREAT-LORD with absolute sovereignty).

(ii) PARAMĀTMĀ-APPELLATION — crowns the FIVE-FOLD naming by identifying the SUPREME PURUṢA as the PARAMĀTMĀ — the supreme-SELF in distinction from the jīvātmā.

(iii) dehe'smin puruṣaḥ paraḥ TERMINUS — the precise iconic locative dehe'smin (IN-THIS-BODY) localizing the SUPREME PURUṢA in THIS very body, distinguishing him from the prakṛti-bound puruṣa of BG-13.20-21.

Jñāneśvar's 8-ovi Treatment

Jñāneśvar's treatment (13.1022-13.1029) renders the verse in three precise sub-blocks:

(i) 13.1022-13.1025 — IN-PRAKṚTI-YET-UN-TOUCHED-BY-PRAKṚTI Block

  • 13.1022 — the iconic VOTHĀMBĀ-IN-JUĪ dewdrop-on-flower elemental-simile + EARTH-SKY infinite-disparity: hā prakṛti-mājhīm ubhā — parī juī jaisā vōthāmbā — iyā prakṛti pṛthvī nabhā — tētulā pāḍu (HE STANDS-in-prakṛti — but LIKE the DEWDROP on the JUĪ-flower — for PRAKṚTI is EARTH and HE is SKY — such is the DISPARITY).

  • 13.1023 — the iconic MERU-AT-PRAKṚTI-SARITĀ-TAṬĪṀ REFLECTION-WITHOUT-PARTICIPATION simile: prakṛti-saritēcyā taṭīm — mēru hōya hā kirīṭī — mājīm bimbē parī lōṭīm — lōṭōm nēṇē (at the SHORE of the PRAKṚTI-RIVER — He becomes MERU O kirīṭī — REFLECTED in the current but DOES-NOT-KNOW-how to FLOW).

  • 13.1024 — the iconic PRAKṚTI-COMES-AND-GOES-HE-PERSISTS + ĀB-RAHMA-SOVEREIGNTY doctrine: prakṛti hōya jāyē — hā tō asatuci āhē — mhaṇauni āb-rahmācēm hōyē — śāsana hā (PRAKṚTI COMES-AND-GOES — HE IS-EVER-EXISTENT — hence even unto BRAHMĀ — HIS GOVERNANCE extends).

  • 13.1025 — the iconic PRAKṚTI-AS-WIFE-VARAYETU nuptial-pedagogy: prakṛti yēṇēm jiyē — yāciyā sattā jaga viyē — iyālāgīm iyē — varayētu hā (by HIS AUTHORITY the world is BORN — for-her-sake — HE is the BRIDEGROOM). Renders BHARTĀ as PROCREATOR-by-SAT and BRIDEGROOM-of-PRAKṚTI in classical Sānkhya-pair NUPTIAL form.

(ii) 13.1026-13.1027 — Cosmic-Devouring-and-Measuring Block

  • 13.1026 — the iconic KALPĀNTA-RIGATI-POṬĪṀ cosmic-devouring: anamtēm kāḷēm kirīṭī — jiyā miḷatī iyā sṛṣṭī — tiyā rigatī yayācyā pōṭīm — kalpāmta-samayīm (in INFINITE TIMES O kirīṭī — the SṚṢṬIS that have MET — they ENTER HIS BELLY at KALPĀNTA). Renders BHOKTĀ as the cosmic-DEVOURER whose BELLY contains all pralaya-absorbed sṛṣṭis.

  • 13.1027 — the iconic MAHAD-BRAHMA-GOSĀVĪ + BRAHMA-GŌḶA-LĀGHAVĪ + APĀRA-PAṆĒṀ-MAVĪ cosmological-juggler doctrine: hā mahad-brahma-gōsāvī — brahma-gōḷa-lāghavī — apāra-paṇēm mavī — prapamcātēm (HE is the MASTER of MAHAD-BRAHMA — the JUGGLER of the BRAHMA-EGG — with IMMEASURABILITY MEASURES — the PRAPAÑCA). Renders MAHEŚVARA as the JUGGLER-of-the-COSMIC-EGG measuring the prapañca with IMMEASURABILITY.

(iii) 13.1028-13.1029 — PARAMĀTMĀ-IN-THIS-BODY Pivot + PRAKṚTI-PAROUTĀ-EKU-ĀTHĪ Terminus

  • 13.1028 — the precise iconic PARAMĀTMĀ-IN-THIS-BODY yayātēmci PRECISELY-THIS-ONE deictic-pivot: paim yā dēhā-mājhārim — paramātmā aisī jē parī — bōlijē tēm avadhārim — yayātēmci (IN-THIS-BODY — what is CALLED PARAMĀTMĀ — that-which-is-said — is PRECISELY THIS-ONE). The pivot from COSMOLOGICAL-naming (13.1022-13.1027) to PERSONAL-INDWELLING-identification.

  • 13.1029 — the closing PRAKṚTI-PAROUTĀ-EKU-ĀTHĪ + pravādu RUMOR-confirmed-as-TRUTH terminus: agā prakṛti-paroutā — ēku āthī paṇḍusutā — aisā pravādu tō tattvatā — puruṣu hā paim (O Pāṇḍuputra — THERE-IS ONE BEYOND-PRAKṚTI — that RUMOR is in TRUTH — THIS-PURUṢA-here). The cluster-closing terminus renders Sanskrit puruṣaḥ paraḥ with the precise iconic Marathi pravādu RUMOR-pedagogy: the cosmological-RUMOR of a SUPREME PURUṢA BEYOND PRAKṚTI is in TRUTH PRECISELY THIS-PURUṢA-here.

Eight precise Marathi elevations beyond the Sanskrit

  1. VOTHĀMBĀ-IN-JUĪ dewdrop-on-flower elemental-simile (13.1022) — renders IN-PRAKṚTI-YET-UN-TOUCHED via the precise iconic Marathi elemental-pedagogy. The DEWDROP sits on the FLOWER without WETTING-or-MIXING-WITH-it.

  2. EARTH-SKY infinite-disparity amplification (13.1022) — PRAKṚTI is EARTH and HE is SKY — such is the INFINITE DISPARITY despite the proximity.

  3. MERU-AT-PRAKṚTI-SARITĀ-TAṬĪṀ REFLECTION-WITHOUT-PARTICIPATION (13.1023) — MERU stands at the SHORE of the PRAKṚTI-RIVER, REFLECTED in its currents but NOT CARRIED-BY-the-flood. Renders UPA-DRAṢṬĀ-ANU-MANTĀ as PROXIMITY-WITHOUT-PARTICIPATION.

  4. ĀB-RAHMA-SOVEREIGNTY doctrine (13.1024) — HIS GOVERNANCE extends even UNTO BRAHMĀ. Renders MAHEŚVARA as SOVEREIGN-OVER-BRAHMĀ-HIMSELF.

  5. PRAKṚTI-AS-WIFE-VARAYETU nuptial-pedagogy (13.1025) — by HIS śakti the world is BORN, hence HE is HUSBAND (varayetu) of THIS PRAKṚTI. Renders BHARTĀ as BRIDEGROOM-of-PRAKṚTI in classical Sānkhya-pair NUPTIAL form.

  6. KALPĀNTA-RIGATI-POṬĪṀ cosmic-devouring (13.1026) — at KALPĀNTA all sṛṣṭis ENTER his BELLY. Renders BHOKTĀ as cosmic-DEVOURER whose BELLY contains all pralaya-absorbed sṛṣṭis.

  7. MAHAD-BRAHMA-GOSĀVĪ + BRAHMA-GŌḶA-LĀGHAVĪ + APĀRA-PAṆĒṀ-MAVĪ cosmological-juggler-doctrine (13.1027) — HE is the MASTER of MAHAD-BRAHMA and the JUGGLER of the BRAHMA-EGG who MEASURES the prapañca with IMMEASURABILITY.

  8. PARAMĀTMĀ-IN-THIS-BODY yayātēmci PRECISELY-THIS-ONE deictic-pivot (13.1028) + pravādu RUMOR-confirmed-as-TRUTH closing terminus (13.1029) — among Jñāneśvar's most-iconic Marathi pedagogical-pivots from COSMOLOGICAL-naming to PERSONAL-INDWELLING-identification: the COSMOLOGICAL-PARAMĀTMĀ is PRECISELY the INDWELLER of THIS body; the COSMOLOGICAL-RUMOR is the INDWELLING TRUTH.

Arc-position

BG-13.22 closes the PRAKṚTI-PURUṢA-distinction block (BG-13.19-22). The chapter's argument: BG-13.1-2 = KṢETRA-KṢETRAJÑA-VIBHĀGA → BG-13.3-6 = KṢETRA-DEFINITION → BG-13.7-11 = JÑĀNA-19-VIRTUE-CATALOG → BG-13.12-17 = JÑEYA-DEFINITION → BG-13.18 = TERMINAL-SUMMARY → BG-13.19-22 = PRAKṚTI-PURUṢA-DISTINCTION (closing here) → BG-13.23-34 = continued PRAKṚTI-PURUṢA + KṢETRA-KṢETRAJÑA further-distinctions. Cluster 0477 contributes the iconic FIVE-FOLD PURUṢA-NAMING + PARAMĀTMĀ-appellation + dehe'smin puruṣaḥ paraḥ terminus — the climactic resolution of the prakṛti-puruṣa-distinction. Doctrinal-progression from 0476 (BG-13.21 guṇa-sanga-bondage): the puruṣa-stationed-IN-PRAKṚTI is BOUND by guṇa-sanga (BG-13.21) → resolution: the SUPREME PURUṢA is IN-THE-BODY but BEYOND-PRAKṚTI — UPA-DRAṢṬĀ-ANU-MANTĀ + PARAMĀTMĀ (BG-13.22). The next cluster (0478) delivers BG-13.23's iconic LIBERATION-by-jñāna terminus ya evam vetti puruṣam prakṛtim ca guṇaiḥ saha — sarvathā vartamāno'pi na sa bhūyo'bhijāyate — HE WHO KNOWS this PURUṢA + PRAKṚTI + GUṆAS, however he FUNCTIONS, is NOT BORN AGAIN.