संत साहित्य
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संत साहित्य · Jñāneśvarī · Adhyāya 14

Cluster 0508 — BG-14.22 — *prakāśam ca pravṛttim ca moham eva ca pāṇḍava — na dveṣṭi sampravṛttāni na nivṛttāni kānkṣati*

BG-14.22

Sanskrit

श्रीभगवानुवाच । प्रकाशं च प्रवृत्तिं च मोहमेव च पाण्डव । न द्वेष्टि संप्रवृत्तानि न निवृत्तानि कांक्षति ॥२२॥

Translation

THE BLESSED LORD SPOKE: O PĀṆḌAVA (pāṇḍava) — PRAKĀŚA (prakāśam ca, the SATTVA-mark) and PRAVRTTI (pravrttim ca, the RAJAS-mark) and MOHA (moham eva ca, the TAMAS-mark) — when they HAVE-FULLY-ARISEN (sampravrttāni) HE DOES-NOT-HATE (na dveṣṭi) — when they HAVE-CEASED (nivrttāni) HE DOES-NOT-CRAVE (na kānkṣati).

Function

BG-14.22 IS THE OPENING VERSE OF THE GUṆĀTĪTA-LAKṢAṆA block (BG-14.22-25), delivering Krishna's precise answer to Arjuna's 3-question of BG-14.21. The verse's pedagogical-architecture is precise:

  • The three guṇa-marks are explicitly named: PRAKĀŚA (SATTVA-mark) + PRAVRTTI (RAJAS-mark) + MOHA (TAMAS-mark) — the iconic Vyāsa-vocabulary recapping the BG-14.11-13 signs-catalogs.
  • The non-reactive-equanimity has TWO symmetric halves: NA DVEṢṬI toward SAMPRAVRTTĀNI (no-hate-toward-arising) + NA KĀṄKṢATI toward NIVRTTĀNI (no-craving-toward-ceasing).
  • The doctrinal-pivot: the guṇa-marks COME-AND-GO as natural-modifications of prakrti — and the guṇātīta neither pushes-away the arising nor pulls-back the departing.

The verse honors the iconic AVERSION-DESIRE pair (dveṣa-kānkṣā) that BG-2.56-57 and BG-12.17 already established as the foundational sthitaprajña/bhakta-marker. The PĀṆḌAVA-vocative confirms the intimate-disclosure register.

Jñāneśvar's 9-ovi Treatment

Jñāneśvar's treatment (14.327-14.335) renders the verse with extended Marathi pedagogical-amplification in a 5+4 architecture:

(i) 14.327-14.331 — The Six-Case-Parity Block (5 ovis)

  • 14.327 — RAJAS-PRAVRTTI arising — tarī rajāchēni mājē — dēhīm karmāchē āṇojē — pravrtti jaim ghēīje — vēṇṭāḷuni (WHEN BY RAJAS at its PEAK — the IMPULSION-of-KARMA in the BODY — when PRAVRTTI takes hold — ENCIRCLING).

  • 14.328 — RAJAS-non-reactivity — taim mīchi kām karmaṭha — aisā na yē śrīmāṭha — daridraliyē buddhī vīṭa — tōhī nāhīm (THEN I-AM-A-KARMAṬHA conceit does NOT COME — the DISGUST of POVERTY-BUDDHI also NOT PRESENT).

  • 14.329 — SATTVA-PRAKĀŚA arising + non-reactivity — athavā sattvēmchi adhikēm — jaim sarvēndriyīm jñāna phānkē — taim suvidyatā tōkhē — ubhajēhī nā (OR WHEN SATTVA-INCREASES — JÑĀNA SPREADS through all sense-organs — THEN the PRIDE-of-LEARNING does NOT RISE).

  • 14.330 — TAMAS-MOHA arising + non-reactivity — kām vāḍhinnalēni tamēm — na giḷijēchi mohabhramēm — taim ajñānatvēm na śramē — ghēṇēmhī nāhīm (OR WHEN TAMAS-INCREASES — the MOHA-BHRAMA DOES NOT SWALLOW HIM — THEN NO EXHAUSTION by AJÑĀNA — NO TAKING-IN ALSO).

  • 14.331 — Cross-case non-craving formula — paim mohāchyā avasarī — jñānāchī chāḍa na dharī — jñānēm karmēm nādarī — hōtām na duḥkhī (IN MOHA-OCCASION — the CRAVING for JÑĀNA is NOT HELD — by JÑĀNA-KARMA not-disturbed — no DUḤKHA-grief).

(ii) 14.332-14.335 — The Four Natural-Impossibility Similes (4 ovis)

  • 14.332 — SUN-knows-no-tri-kāla — sāyamprātar-madhyānhā — yā tinhī kāḷāñchī gaṇanā — nāhīm jēvīm tapanā — taisā asē (EVENING-MORNING-NOON — these THREE TIME-DIVISIONS have NO RECKONING — LIKE the SUN — so-too is HE).

  • 14.333 — JALĀRṆAVA not-augmented-by-rain — tayā vēgaḷāchi kāya prakāśēm — jñānitva yāvēm aisēm — kāyi jalārṇava pāusēm — sājā hōya (FOR HIM SEPARATELY from PRAKĀŚA — can JÑĀNI-HOOD COME like this — CAN the OCEAN BE AUGMENTED BY RAIN?).

  • 14.334 — HIMAVANTA not-cold-from-snow — nā pravartalēni karmēm — karmaṭhatva tayām kām gamē — sāngēm himavantu himēm — kāmpē kāyī? (IF KARMA ARISES — WHY WOULD KARMAṬHATVA COME TO HIM — TELL ME — DOES the HIMAVANTA SHIVER FROM SNOW?).

  • 14.335 — AGNI not-burnt-by-summer-heat — nātarī moha āliyā — kāī pām jñānā mukijaila tayā — hō mā āgītēm unhāḷēyā — jāḷavata asē? (OR IF MOHA COMES — WILL HE LOSE JÑĀNA THEREBY — DOES the FIRE GET BURNT BY THE SUMMER HEAT?).

The cluster delivers BG-14.22's FIRST-LAKṢAṆA of the guṇātīta with two iconic Marathi pedagogical-elevations: (a) the six-case-parity-block delivering the literal non-reactive-equanimity across all three guṇa-marks plus the cross-case non-craving formula; (b) the four-natural-impossibility-block (SUN-tri-kāla + JALĀRṆAVA-rain + HIMAVANTA-snow + AGNI-summer-heat) figuring the guṇātīta's by-nature-immunity to the guṇa-modifications — the iconic Jñāneśvar pedagogical-signature for the GUṆĀTĪTA-LAKṢAṆA opening.