संत साहित्य
Work in progress. Translations and commentary are AI-generated and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations — please use your own judgement and check against the original sources.

Cluster 0632 — BG-18.40 — *na tad asti pṛthivyām vā divi deveṣu vā punaḥ — sattvam prakṛti-jair muktam yad ebhiḥ syāt tribhir guṇaiḥ*

BG-18.40

Sanskrit

न तदस्ति पृथिव्यां वा दिवि देवेषु वा पुनः । सत्त्वं प्रकृतिजैर्मुक्तं यदेभिः स्यात्त्रिभिर्गुणैः ॥४०॥

Translation

THERE-IS-NOT (na...asti) that being (sattvam) — ON-EARTH (pṛthivyām) OR IN-HEAVEN (divi) OR-AGAIN AMONG-THE-GODS (deveṣu vā punaḥ) — which (yat) WOULD-BE (syāt) FREE (muktam) of these (ebhiḥ) THREE GUṆAS (tribhir guṇaiḥ) BORN-OF-PRAKṚTI (prakṛti-jaiḥ).

Function

BG-18.40 crowns the long guṇa-triadic classification of adhyāya 18 (BG-18.18-39, where knowledge, action, agent, intellect, firmness, and happiness were each sorted into three guṇa-types) with a single universal law: NO existent being, anywhere in the manifest order, is free of the three prakṛti-born guṇas. The verse stages an exhaustive ascending search — pṛthivyām → divi → deveṣu (earth → heaven → the very gods) — and negates each, so that the guṇas stand as the inescapable constitutive fabric of all manifestation below liberation. This is the doctrinal precondition for the svabhāva-niyata-karma teaching that follows (BG-18.41 onwards): precisely because no embodied being is guṇa-free, each being's nature is guṇa-determined, and the cātur-varṇya division by guṇa-and-karma (BG-4.13) is grounded.

Jñāneśvar's 5-ovi Treatment

  • 18.813 — the universal-negation under the prakṛti-purview frame: म्हणौनि प्रकृतीच्या आवलोकीं — न बंधिजे इहीं सत्वादिकीं — तैसी स्वर्गीं ना मृत्युलोकीं — आथी वस्तु (therefore within prakṛti's range one is not unbound by these sattva-etc.; likewise no entity exists, free of them, in heaven nor in the mortal world).

  • 18.814 — the extended triple-metaphor: कैंचा लोंवेवीण कांबळा — मातियेवीण मोदळा — का जळेंवीण कल्लोळा — होणें आहे (where could a blanket be without wool, a clay-vessel without clay, or a wave without water?).

  • 18.815 — the tenor-clause: तैसें न होनि गुणाचें — सृष्टीची रचना रचे — ऐसें नाहींचि गा साचें — प्राणिजात (just so, without the guṇas the structure of creation is not built; truly there is no such creature).

  • 18.816 — the totalizing affirmation: यालागीं हें सकळ — तिहीं गुणांचेंचि केवळ — घडलें आहे निखिळ — ऐसें जाण (therefore know all this is fashioned wholly, entirely, of just the three guṇas).

  • 18.817 — the concrete-application close: गुणीं देवां त्रयी लाविली — गुणीं लोकीं त्रिपुटी पाडिली — चतुर्वर्णा घातली — सिनानीं उळिगें (by the guṇas the triad was applied to the gods, the triple-division imposed on the worlds, and the four varṇas set into separate distinctions).


Ovi 18.813

Original (Marathi): म्हणौनि प्रकृतीच्या आवलोकीं । न बंधिजे इहीं सत्वादिकीं । तैसी स्वर्गीं ना मृत्युलोकीं । आथी वस्तु ॥८१३॥ Voice: krishna-to-arjuna (expository instruction in the chariot-frame; म्हणौनि "therefore" continues Kṛṣṇa's argument from the preceding guṇa-classification)

Word-by-word gloss

Marathi Meaning
म्हणौनि therefore / hence
प्रकृतीच्या आवलोकीं within prakṛti's purview / range / sphere-of-view
न बंधिजे इहीं सत्वादिकीं one is not unbound by these — sattva and the rest (sattva-ādika = the guṇas)
तैसी स्वर्गीं ना मृत्युलोकीं likewise, neither in heaven nor in the mortal-world
आथी वस्तु is there [any] entity (vastu) [free of them]

Literal translation

English: Therefore, within prakṛti's range, one is not released from these — sattva and the rest; and likewise neither in heaven nor in the mortal world is there any entity free of them.

मराठी (आधुनिक): म्हणून प्रकृतीच्या टप्प्यात कोणीही या सत्त्वादी गुणांपासून मुक्त राहत नाही; तसंच स्वर्गातही नाही आणि मृत्युलोकातही नाही — यांपासून सुटलेली अशी कोणतीच वस्तू नाही.

Sanskrit-root note

प्रकृतीच्या आवलोकीं — आवलोक (avaloka, "looking-over, purview, range") makes explicit the Sanskrit prakṛti-jaiḥ origin-frame: everything within prakṛti's range is guṇa-sprung. न बंधिजे (na-badhije, "is not unbound/released") is the liberation-negation rendering muktam (freed) under negation.

Metaphor-unfold

No extended metaphor in this ovi. This is the bare doctrinal restatement; the metaphor begins at 18.814.

Nāth-yogic layer

No Nāth-yogic referent in this ovi. This is classical Sānkhya guṇa-doctrine — prakṛti and her three guṇas — with no cakra/suṣumnā/kuṇḍalinī frame active.

Cross-references

  • Internal: Opens the cluster's developmental chain → 18.814 (which supplies the why via the triple-metaphor); also forward-links to 18.817, where the देव (gods) locus compressed here into स्वर्गीं is unfolded as the guṇa-divided divine triad.
  • Tukaram parallel: (none)
  • Source citations:
  • Bhagavad Gītā 18.40 — न तदस्ति पृथिव्यां वा दिवि देवेषु वा...प्रकृतिजैर्मुक्तम् rendered as प्रकृतीच्या आवलोकीं — न बंधिजे — स्वर्गीं ना मृत्युलोकीं — आथी वस्तु (direct-paraphrase; the स्वर्ग-मृत्युलोक pair compresses the Sanskrit earth/heaven/gods three-loci search).
  • Bhagavad Gītā 14.5 — सत्त्वं रजस्तम इति गुणाः प्रकृतिसम्भवाः निबध्नन्ति देहिनम् (the prakṛti-born guṇas BIND the embodied); 18.813's न बंधिजे is the liberation-side of the same binding (thematic-echo).

Modern application

  1. When you exempt yourself from a system you readily apply to everyone else. You use personality-frameworks, bias-checklists, or "type" language on colleagues — but quietly assume you are the neutral observer standing outside it. BG-18.40's whole force is: not on earth, not in heaven, not even among the gods — no one is outside. The exemption you grant yourself is exactly the one the verse denies.
  2. When you call your own reaction "just being objective." The claim to a guṇa-free vantage ("I'm not emotional about this, I'm just rational") is the one stance prakṛti does not allow within her range. Your "objectivity" is itself a guṇa-coloured state — most often a sāttvika or rājasa mood wearing the costume of no-mood.
  3. When you locate freedom in a place rather than in liberation. "If I could just get to that job / that city / that relationship, I'd finally be free of all this." The verse searches earth, heaven, and the gods and finds no guṇa-free location — freedom is not a place within prakṛti's range; it is release from the range itself.

Sādhanā

Today, catch one moment when you claim to be the neutral, unbiased, "above it all" party in a disagreement. Silently name it: I am inside the range too — what guṇa-mood am I actually in right now? Don't correct it; just locate yourself inside the field instead of above it.

Arc

18.813 states the bare universal-negation (no being is guṇa-free, anywhere); 18.814 launches the cluster's extended triple-metaphor to show why — no thing exists apart from its material substance.


Ovi 18.814

Original (Marathi): कैंचा लोंवेवीण कांबळा । मातियेवीण मोदळा । का जळेंवीण कल्लोळा । होणें आहे ? ॥८१४॥ Voice: krishna-to-arjuna (continuing the chariot-frame argument; three rhetorical questions driving the impossibility)

Word-by-word gloss

Marathi Meaning
कैंचा लोंवेवीण कांबळा where(-from) a blanket (kāmbaḷā) without wool (lonva)?
मातियेवीण मोदळा [where] a clay-vessel / clay-lump (modaḷā) without clay (mātī)?
का जळेंवीण कल्लोळा or a wave / surge (kalloḷa) without water (jaḷa)?
होणें आहे ? could [it] come-to-be / exist?

Literal translation

English: Where could a blanket be — without wool? A clay-vessel — without clay? Or a wave — without water? Could any of these ever come to be?

मराठी (आधुनिक): लोकरीशिवाय कांबळं कुठून होणार? मातीशिवाय मडकं कुठून? आणि पाण्यावाचून लाट कशी निर्माण होणार? — हे कधी शक्य आहे का?

Metaphor-unfold

Literal image Philosophical referent Modern equivalent
A blanket cannot exist without wool — wool is the very stuff it is woven of The being cannot exist apart from the guṇas as its material-cause (upādāna-kāraṇa) A product is inseparable from its raw material: there is no "the table" floating free of the wood it is made of
A clay-vessel cannot exist without clay — strip the clay and no pot remains Sattva-rajas-tamas are not added to a being but are what it is made of A software build is nothing apart from its code — there is no "app" left when you remove every line
A wave cannot exist without water — the wave is water in motion, not a thing riding on it The guṇa-states are not external coatings on a guṇa-free core; the manifest self IS guṇa in motion A "mood" is not a film over a moodless you; in the manifest field, you in this moment are that very motion of energy/agitation/torpor

Metaphor-family: material-cause-inseparability (wool-and-blanket / clay-and-pot / water-and-wave). The wave-and-water image is itself a recurring Dnyāneśvarī ocean-and-wave family member, here pressed into the material-cause argument rather than the usual one-and-many (ocean/wave) non-dual point. This is the cluster's single genuine extended metaphor; 18.815 is its tenor-clause.

Nāth-yogic layer

No Nāth-yogic referent in this ovi. The wool/clay/water triad is a Sānkhya material-cause illustration, not cakra/kuṇḍalinī esotericism.

Cross-references

  • Internal: → 18.815, which states the tenor ("just so, creation cannot be built without the guṇas"); the wave-image is a parallel-image to the wider ocean-and-wave family used elsewhere for non-duality.
  • Tukaram parallel: (none)
  • Source citation: Bhagavad Gītā 18.40 — प्रकृतिजैर्मुक्तम् (free-of-the-prakṛti-born) impossibility amplified into the wool/clay/water material-cause triad (amplification; the metaphor is wholly Jñāneśvar's — the Sanskrit names no image).

Modern application

  1. When you imagine a "real you" underneath all your states. "That wasn't really me — I was just stressed / tired / angry." The wave-without-water image dissolves this: in the manifest field there is no moodless core the moods merely visit. The agitated you is you-in-rajas, the way the wave is water surging.
  2. When you try to keep the output but discard the material it's made of. "I love the result, I just hate the process / the cost / the constraint that produced it." No blanket without wool: the thing and its substance come together or not at all.
  3. When you treat your temperament as removable decoration. People speak of "fixing" their personality as if scrubbing paint off a guṇa-free wall. The verse and ovi say the temperament is the clay, not the glaze — which is why transformation is re-shaping, not stripping.

Sādhanā

Today, pick one object you call "mine" (your laptop, your coat, your coffee) and, for ten seconds, name its raw material out loud: this is wool / this is clay / this is metal-and-glass. Then do it once for a mood you're in: this is energy / this is agitation / this is heaviness. Notice that in both cases the thing is not separable from its stuff.

Arc

18.814 poses the three material-cause impossibilities; 18.815 cashes them out — just so, the structure of creation cannot stand without the guṇas, and no such guṇa-free creature exists.


Ovi 18.815

Original (Marathi): तैसें न होनि गुणाचें । सृष्टीची रचना रचे । ऐसें नाहींचि गा साचें । प्राणिजात ॥८१५॥ Voice: krishna-to-arjuna (the गा addressive-particle — "indeed, O [you]" — marks intimate direct address to Arjuna)

Word-by-word gloss

Marathi Meaning
तैसें न होनि गुणाचें just so, not coming-to-be of / without the guṇas
सृष्टीची रचना रचे the structure/fashioning of creation [does not] get built
ऐसें नाहींचि गा साचें truly (sācēm) there is no such [thing] at all, indeed (gā)
प्राणिजात the class of living-beings / any creature (prāṇi-jāta)

Literal translation

English: Just so — without the guṇas, the structure of creation is not built; truly there is no such guṇa-free creature at all.

मराठी (आधुनिक): अगदी तसंच — गुणांवाचून सृष्टीची रचना उभीच राहत नाही; खरोखर, गुणांपासून मुक्त असा कोणताही प्राणिमात्र नाहीच.

Sanskrit-root note

प्राणिजात = प्राणि (prāṇin, "living/breathing being") + जात (jāta, "born/class") — "the whole class of breathing creatures," rendering the Sanskrit sattvam ("existent-being") in its broadest living sense. रचना रचे doubles the √rac root (rachanā/rachē, "structure is structured") for the fashioned-fabric of creation.

Metaphor-unfold

Literal image Philosophical referent Modern equivalent
The "structure of creation" (सृष्टीची रचना) as a woven/moulded fabric that cannot be built without its material The cosmos as guṇa-constituted: the guṇas are the upādāna of the entire manifest order, not just of individuals A whole city has no existence apart from the brick, steel, and concrete it is built of — there is no "city" left when you subtract its materials

Metaphor-family: material-cause-inseparability (continuing 18.814). This ovi is the tenor of 18.814's vehicle: the blanket/pot/wave impossibilities resolve here into the impossibility of a guṇa-free creation. It is included as a brief unfold because रचना ("structure/fabric") sustains the woven-and-moulded image rather than stating the point flatly.

Nāth-yogic layer

No Nāth-yogic referent in this ovi.

Cross-references

  • Internal: Parallel-image / tenor of 18.814 (the triple-metaphor cashed out); → 18.816, which turns this denial into the positive totalizing claim.
  • Tukaram parallel: (none)
  • Source citation: Bhagavad Gītā 18.40 — न तदस्ति...सत्त्वं प्रकृतिजैर्मुक्तम् (there is no being free of the prakṛti-born) rendered as नाहींचि गा साचें प्राणिजात — गुणाचें...न होनि सृष्टीची रचना रचे (direct-paraphrase; प्राणिजात renders सत्त्वम्, नाहींचि गा साचें renders the absolute न...अस्ति negation).

Modern application

  1. When you wait to act until you can act "from a clean, neutral place." "I'll respond once I'm fully calm and unbiased." The ovi says creation itself is not built guṇa-free; neither is any decision you will ever make. Acting within your guṇa-state honestly beats waiting for a guṇa-free state that never arrives.
  2. When you demand a guṇa-free person to trust. Looking for the leader, partner, or guru with "no agenda, no temperament, pure neutrality" — प्राणिजात नाहींचि, there is no such creature. Maturity is trusting people whose guṇa-mix you understand, not searching for a guṇa-less one.
  3. When you think the system is the problem and the parts are innocent. "The structure is broken but the people are fine" (or vice versa). सृष्टीची रचना — the structure and its guṇa-material are one fabric; you cannot reform the weave while pretending the wool is neutral.

Sādhanā

Today, before one decision you'd normally postpone "until you're in a better headspace," name your current guṇa-state in a single word (clear / restless / sluggish) and then make the decision from inside it, consciously. Note afterward whether naming the state changed the choice.

Arc

18.815 denies any guṇa-free creature exists; 18.816 flips the denial into the positive law — all of this is fashioned of nothing but the three guṇas.


Ovi 18.816

Original (Marathi): यालागीं हें सकळ । तिहीं गुणांचेंचि केवळ । घडलें आहे निखिळ । ऐसें जाण ॥८१६॥ Voice: krishna-to-arjuna (the ऐसें जाण "know this!" second-person imperative is Kṛṣṇa directly instructing Arjuna)

Word-by-word gloss

Marathi Meaning
यालागीं हें सकळ for this reason, all this (entire manifest order)
तिहीं गुणांचेंचि केवळ of just (kēvaḷa) the three guṇas alone
घडलें आहे निखिळ is fashioned / made, entirely (nikhiḷa)
ऐसें जाण know it thus / understand it so

Literal translation

English: For this reason, know that all this is fashioned wholly, entirely, of nothing but the three guṇas.

मराठी (आधुनिक): म्हणूनच हे सगळं केवळ या तीन गुणांचंच, संपूर्णपणे, घडलेलं आहे — असं समजून घे.

Sanskrit-root note

केवळ (kēvaḷa, "only, sole, pure") + निखिळ (nikhiḷa, "entire, whole, without remainder") — a doubled emphatic carrying the absoluteness of the Sanskrit na...muktam ("not-free-at-all"): nothing is left over outside the guṇas.

Metaphor-unfold

No extended metaphor in this ovi. केवळ and निखिळ are emphatic adverbs ("only," "entirely"), not a sustained image; घडलें ("fashioned/made") is a single dead-metaphor verb continuing the material-cause sense without unfolding it.

Nāth-yogic layer

No Nāth-yogic referent in this ovi.

Cross-references

  • Internal: Receives the denial of 18.815 and converts it to a positive totalizing law; → 18.817, which gives three concrete instances of the law in operation.
  • Tukaram parallel: (none)
  • Source citations:
  • Bhagavad Gītā 18.40 — एभिः...त्रिभिर्गुणैः rendered as तिहीं गुणांचेंचि केवळ घडलें निखिळ (direct-paraphrase; तिहीं गुणांचेंचि = "by/of these three guṇas," the केवळ/निखिळ doubled-emphatic = the Sanskrit absolute negation).
  • Bhagavad Gītā 7.14 — दैवी ह्येषा गुणमयी मम माया दुरत्यया (this divine GUṆA-MADE māyā of Mine); हें सकळ तिहीं गुणांचेंचि घडलें echoes गुणमयी, the entire manifest order as guṇa-fabric (thematic-echo).

Modern application

  1. When you finally stop hunting for the exception. After 18.813-18.815 search and find no guṇa-free being, 18.816 asks you to settle into the consequence: everything in your experience — your best clarity, your worst agitation, your dull afternoons — is some ratio of the same three forces. The relief is in stopping the search for an outside.
  2. When you want a single frame that organizes your whole inner weather. "Why am I so different on different days?" The three-guṇa map (clarity / drive-and-restlessness / inertia-and-fog) is a complete, low-resolution-but-total account: नाहींचि बाहेर, nothing falls outside it.
  3. When you confuse "made of the guṇas" with "trapped forever." The verse says all is made of the guṇas — but the whole Gītā's point is that knowing this is the first step to the witness beyond them. Totality of the guṇas at the level of what-is-made is precisely what makes liberation from them intelligible.

Sādhanā

Today, run a single three-mood audit of one afternoon. At three points, jot one word: was this hour mostly clear (sattva), driven/restless (rajas), or heavy/foggy (tamas)? Three words by evening. Notice that all three of your hours fit somewhere in the map — none fell "outside."

Arc

18.816 states the totalizing law (all is made of just the three guṇas); 18.817 shows the law dividing the cosmos concretely — the gods into a triad, the worlds into three, the varṇas into four.


Ovi 18.817

Original (Marathi): गुणीं देवां त्रयी लाविली । गुणीं लोकीं त्रिपुटी पाडिली । चतुर्वर्णा घातली । सिनानीं उळिगें ॥८१७॥ Voice: krishna-to-arjuna (continuing the instructional close; the guṇas as cosmic divider, framed as Kṛṣṇa's own creative ordering — cf. मया सृष्टम् at BG-4.13)

Word-by-word gloss

Marathi Meaning
गुणीं देवां त्रयी लाविली by the guṇas, a triad (trayī) was applied/fixed to the gods (deva)
गुणीं लोकीं त्रिपुटी पाडिली by the guṇas, a triple-division (triputī) was imposed on the worlds (loka)
चतुर्वर्णा घातली the four varṇas (cātur-varṇa) were set/placed
सिनानीं उळिगें into separate (sinānī, "distinct/apart") distinctions / classes (uḷigẽ)

Literal translation

English: By the guṇas a triad was fixed upon the gods; by the guṇas a triple-division was imposed on the worlds; and the four varṇas were set into separate distinctions.

मराठी (आधुनिक): गुणांमुळेच देवांमध्ये त्रिमूर्ती-त्रयी ठरली, गुणांमुळेच लोकांत त्रिपुटी पडली, आणि चार वर्णही गुणांनुसार वेगवेगळ्या भेदांत बसवले गेले.

Sanskrit-root note

त्रयी (trayī, "triad") — here the divine triad (Brahmā-Viṣṇu-Rudra, conventionally rajas-sattva-tamas). त्रिपुटी (tri-puṭī, "triple-fold/division") — the three-worlds (or three guṇa-strata), NOT the yogic jñātṛ-jñāna-jñeya tripuṭī. चतुर्वर्ण (cātur-varṇa) anticipates BG-18.41's brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-vaiśya-śūdra division.

Metaphor-unfold

No extended metaphor in this ovi. त्रयी / त्रिपुटी / चतुर्वर्ण are enumerated divisions, not a sustained image.

Nāth-yogic layer

No Nāth-yogic referent in this ovi. The त्रिपुटी here is the cosmological triple-division (gods / worlds), governed by the guṇa-material-cause frame of 18.814-18.816 — not the yogic knower-knowing-known tripuṭī, which the surrounding Sānkhya-creation context does not support.

Cross-references

  • Internal: Ring-companion to 18.813 — the देव (gods) locus that 18.813 left folded inside स्वर्गीं is unfolded here as गुणीं देवां त्रयी, the gods themselves divided by the guṇas, completing the universal-pervasion declaration that opened the cluster.
  • Tukaram parallel: (none)
  • Source citations:
  • Bhagavad Gītā 18.40 — देवेषु (among-the-gods) + the universal guṇa-pervasion amplified into the deva-triad + tri-loka + cātur-varṇya concrete divisions (amplification; these instances are Jñāneśvar's unfolding).
  • Bhagavad Gītā 4.13 — चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः (the four-varṇa division created BY-GUṆA-AND-KARMA); 18.817's चतुर्वर्णा घातली सिनानीं उळिगें echoes this guṇa-grounding of varṇa exactly, bridging into BG-18.41 (thematic-echo).

Modern application

  1. When you notice the same temperament-axis sorting every group you belong to. Teams, families, even friend-circles tend to stratify by guṇa-dominant roles — the steady clarifier, the restless driver, the foot-dragging anchor. 18.817's "the guṇas divided even the gods and the worlds" says: this sorting is not personal failure or office politics; it is the guṇas doing what they always do — dividing.
  2. When inherited categories (caste, class, role) are defended as "just how things naturally are." The ovi roots the cātur-varṇya in the guṇas — which cuts both ways for a modern reader: it explains the origin of such divisions in temperament-and-action (guṇa-karma), and, read with the Gītā's arc, it relativizes any birth-based hardening of them, since the ground is guṇa-and-deed, not blood.
  3. When you mistake a hierarchy of function for a hierarchy of worth. Even the gods get a guṇa-triad here; the divisions are functional sortings within prakṛti, none of which touch the guṇa-transcending witness the next chapters point to. Function is divided; the Self that watches the division is not.

Sādhanā

Today, look at one group you're part of and silently assign each key person a guṇa-role (clarifier / driver / anchor) — including yourself. Then ask the one question the verse forces: is this a sorting of what we each do, or have I quietly turned it into a ranking of who matters? Just see which it has become.

Arc

18.817 closes the cluster by ring-completing 18.813's universal-negation — even the gods are guṇa-divided — and lays the bridge into the next śloka (BG-18.41), where the four-varṇa division by svabhāva-prabhava guṇas it has just named becomes the explicit subject of the cātur-varṇya teaching.


Cluster summary

Core teaching: No existent being — not on earth, not in heaven, not even among the gods — is free of the three prakṛti-born guṇas. Jñāneśvar grounds this universal negation in a material-cause argument: just as there is no blanket without wool, no pot without clay, no wave without water, so there is no creature without the guṇas as its very substance — and therefore the entire manifest order, the divine triad, the three worlds, and the four varṇas alike, is divided and constituted by them.

Chapter arc position: BG-18.40 is the capstone of adhyāya-18's long guṇa-triadic classification (BG-18.18-39 had sorted knowledge, action, agent, intellect, firmness, and happiness each into three guṇa-types). It generalizes that whole project into a single law — every classified thing falls under the guṇas because no being escapes them — and so serves as the doctrinal precondition for the cātur-varṇya svabhāva-guṇa teaching that opens immediately after (BG-18.41-44). The five ovis (18.813-18.817) move from universal-negation → triple-metaphor → tenor → totalizing affirmation → concrete cosmic application, ring-completing the gods-locus at the close.

Connects to BG-18.41: ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च परन्तप — स्वभावप्रभवैर्गुणैः — Kṛṣṇa turns from the universal premise (no being is guṇa-free) to its social-ethical corollary: the duties of the four varṇas are divided by the guṇas born of their own nature. 18.817's चतुर्वर्णा घातली सिनानीं उळिगें already lays the bridge, so that the guṇa-pervasion declared here flows directly into the svabhāva-niyata-karma teaching about to be detailed.