संत साहित्य · Dāsabodha · Dashak 2
Dashak 2 · Samāsa 6
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मागां बोलिला रजोगुण । क्रियेसहित लक्षण ।
आतां ऐका तमोगुण । तोहि सांगिजेल
māgām bolilā rajoguṇa | kriyesahita lakṣaṇa |
ātām aikā tamoguṇa | tohi sāmgijela
Earlier rajo-guṇa was spoken of, with its signs in action; now listen to tamo-guṇa — that too will be described.
Transition from rajas; announcement of tamas-catalog. Tamas is the sorrow-inducing dysregulation-guṇa.
After rajas, tamas. The dysregulation-of-regulation guṇa.
संसारीं दुःखसंमंध । प्राप्त होतां उठे खेद ।
कां अद्भुत आला क्रोध । तो तमोगुण
samsārīm duḥkhasammamdha | prāpta hotām uṭhe kheda |
kām adbhuta ālā krodha | to tamoguṇa
In samsāra, when sorrow-contact arises, grief wells up; or tremendous anger comes — that is tamo-guṇa.
When worldly sorrow arrives, grief wells up — or tremendous anger. **Grief-anger-from-loss is the core tamas reactive pattern.**
When sorrow arrives and produces anger — tamas is active.
शेरीरीं क्रोध भरतां । नोळखे माता पिता ।
बंधु बहिण कांता । ताडी, तो तमोगुण
śerīrīm krodha bharatām | noḷakhe mātā pitā |
bamdhu bahiṇa kāmtā | tāḍī, to tamoguṇa
When anger fills the body, [he] does not recognize mother, father; brother, sister, wife — he strikes — that is tamo-guṇa.
When anger fills the body, recognition fails — mother, father, brother, sister, wife become equally struck-at. *Complete disruption of recognition subsystem under tamasic anger.*
When anger makes you unable to recognize family — tamas has fully arrived. Step away.
दुसर्याचा प्राण घ्यावा । आपला आपण स्वयें द्यावा ।
विसरवी जीवभावा । तो तमोगुण
dusaryācā prāṇa ghyāvā | āpalā āpaṇa svayem dyāvā |
visaravī jīvabhāvā | to tamoguṇa
"Take another's life; give up one's own by one's own hand" — forgetful of the very life-feeling — that is tamo-guṇa.
Willingness to take another's life or give up one's own — *jīva-bhāva* forgotten under tamasic extremity. Mars-Rāhu signature at high affliction.
Willingness to kill or be killed is the extreme tamasic state. Early warning.
भरलें क्रोधाचें काविरें । पिश्याच्यापरी वावरे ।
नाना उपायें नावरे । तो तमोगुण
bharalem krodhācem kāvirem | piśyācyāparī vāvare |
nānā upāyem nāvare | to tamoguṇa
The madness (kāvarẽ) of anger having filled [him], he moves like a ghost (piśāca); by many means he cannot be subdued — that is tamo-guṇa.
The madness of anger filling [the body]; moves like a *piśāca* (ghost); cannot be subdued by many means. **Ungovernable state — the remediation must be pre-commitment, not in-the-moment.**
Anger-madness cannot be subdued in the moment. The only remediation is pre-commitment before the state arises.
आपला आपण शस्त्रपात । पराचा करी घात ।
ऐसा समय वर्तत । तो तमोगुण
āpalā āpaṇa śastrapāta | parācā karī ghāta |
aisā samaya vartata | to tamoguṇa
One's own [hand takes up] the weapon-stroke; one causes another's destruction. When such an occasion arises — that is tamo-guṇa.
Weapon-stroke on self, destruction of another. When this is the configuration, tamas is active.
Weapon-use against self, attack on another — tamas active.
डोळा युध्यचि पाहवें । रण पडिलें तेथें जावें ।
ऐसें घेतलें जीवें । तो तमोगुण
ḍoḷā yudhyaci pāhavem | raṇa paḍilem tethem jāvem |
aisem ghetalem jīvem | to tamoguṇa
"Let me see a battle with the eye; let me go where the field is laid" — taking life [into such impulses] — that is tamo-guṇa.
Desire to witness or participate in battle; taking life into impulses of destruction.
Desire to participate in or witness violence — tamas.
अखंड भ्रांती पडे । केला निश्चय विघडे ।
अत्यंत निद्रा आवडे । तो तमोगुण
akhamḍa bhrāmtī paḍe | kelā niścaya vighaḍe |
atyamta nidrā āvaḍe | to tamoguṇa
Ceaseless delusion (bhrānti) descends; resolution once made is broken; extreme fondness for sleep — that is tamo-guṇa.
Ceaseless delusion; resolution once made is broken; extreme fondness for sleep. **Saturn-Rāhu or 12th-house weak-moon signature.**
Extreme sleep, broken resolutions, delusion — tamas's dull face (distinct from the anger face).
क्षुधा जयाची वाड । नेणे कडु अथवा गोड ।
अत्यंत जो कां मूढ । तो तमोगुण
kṣudhā jayācī vāḍa | neṇe kaḍu athavā goḍa |
atyamta jo kām mūḍha | to tamoguṇa
Whose hunger is vast; who does not distinguish bitter or sweet; who is extremely dull (mūḍha) — that is tamo-guṇa.
Vast hunger, no distinction of bitter-or-sweet, extreme dullness. Sense-discrimination is failing.
When you cannot distinguish bitter from sweet, dullness has settled in — tamas.
प्रीतिपात्र गेलें मरणें । तयालागीं जीव देणें ।
स्वयें आत्महत्या करणें । तो तमोगुण
prītipātra gelem maraṇem | tayālāgīm jīva deṇem |
svayem ātmahatyā karaṇem | to tamoguṇa
A beloved object dies; giving up one's own life for it; committing suicide oneself — that is tamo-guṇa.
Dying along with a beloved object; suicide on bereavement. *Co-dependent tamas signature — the self had no independent center.*
Wanting to die on someone else's death — co-dependent tamas signature.
किडा मुंगी आणी स्वापद । यांचा करूं आवडे वध ।
अत्यंत जो कृपामंद । तो तमोगुण
kiḍā mumgī āṇī svāpada | yāmcā karūm āvaḍe vadha |
atyamta jo kṛpāmamda | to tamoguṇa
Worms, ants, and wild beasts — liking to kill these; extremely devoid of compassion (kṛpā-manda) — that is tamo-guṇa.
Liking to kill worms, ants, wild beasts. **Active cruelty — Mars-Rāhu with malefic aspects.**
Active enjoyment of killing small creatures — tamas's cruelty subsystem.
स्त्रीहत्या बाळहत्या । द्रव्यालागीं ब्रह्मत्या ।
करूं आवडे गोहत्या । तो तमोगुण
strīhatyā bāḷahatyā | dravyālāgīm brahmatyā |
karūm āvaḍe gohatyā | to tamoguṇa
Woman-slaying, child-slaying; brāhmaṇa-slaying for wealth; liking to slay the cow (go-hatyā) — that is tamo-guṇa.
The major-sin enumeration: woman-slaying, child-slaying, brāhmaṇa-slaying for wealth, cow-slaying. These are tamasic-katamasic extremes.
The extreme sins — woman-killing, child-killing, cow-killing, brāhmaṇa-killing for gain.
विसळाचेनि नेटें । वीष घ्यावेंसें वाटे ।
परवध मनीं उठे । तो तमोगुण
visaḷāceni neṭem | vīṣa ghyāvemsem vāṭe |
paravadha manīm uṭhe | to tamoguṇa
Under the pressure of despondency, one feels like taking poison; [desire for] harming another arises inwardly — that is tamo-guṇa.
Poison-taking impulse under despondency; harm-to-another rising inwardly. **Despondency + tamas is a high-alert configuration.**
Despondency + poison-impulse or harm-impulse — high-alert tamas.
अंतरीं धरूनि कपट । पराचें करी तळपट ।
सदा मस्त सदा उद्धट । तो तमोगुण
amtarīm dharūni kapaṭa | parācem karī taḷapaṭa |
sadā masta sadā uddhaṭa | to tamoguṇa
Holding deceit within, causing another's collapse; always arrogant, always insolent — that is tamo-guṇa.
Holding deceit internally while causing another's collapse; arrogance, insolence. *Active-harm-with-concealment* is a distinct tamas mode.
Concealed deceit while attacking another, arrogance, insolence.
कळह व्हावा ऐसें वाटे । झोंबी घ्यावी ऐसें उठे ।
अन्तरी द्वेष प्रगटे । तो तमोगुण
kaḷaha vhāvā aisem vāṭe | jhombī ghyāvī aisem uṭhe |
antarī dveṣa pragaṭe | to tamoguṇa
Feels like a quarrel should arise; a fight (zombī) should be taken up; hatred arises within — that is tamo-guṇa.
Quarrel-desire, fight-desire, hatred arising internally.
Quarrel-desire, fight-desire — tamas.
युध्य देखावें ऐकावें । स्वयें युध्यचि करावें ।
मारावें कीं मरावें । तो तमोगुण
yudhya dekhāvem aikāvem | svayem yudhyaci karāvem |
mārāvem kīm marāvem | to tamoguṇa
One wishes to see battle, hear of battle; to wage battle oneself; to kill or to die — that is tamo-guṇa.
Wants to see battle, hear of battle, wage battle oneself — kill or die. Pure Mars-Rāhu tamasic configuration.
War-seeking, kill-or-die mentality — Mars-Rāhu tamas.
मत्सरें भक्ति मोडावी । देवाळयें विघडावीं ।
फळतीं झाडें तोडावीं । तो तमोगुण
matsarem bhakti moḍāvī | devāḷayem vighaḍāvīm |
phaḷatīm jhāḍem toḍāvīm | to tamoguṇa
By envy (matsara), devotion is broken; temples are destroyed; fruit-bearing trees are cut down — that is tamo-guṇa.
Envy-driven destruction: breaking devotion, destroying temples, cutting fruit-trees. *The tamasic destruction of what others have built.*
Breaking others' devotion, vandalism, cutting fruit-trees — tamas-destruction.
सत्कर्में ते नावडती । नाना दोष ते आवडती ।
पापभय नाहीं चित्ती । तो तमोगुण
satkarmem te nāvaḍatī | nānā doṣa te āvaḍatī |
pāpabhaya nāhīm cittī | to tamoguṇa
Good deeds are disliked; many faults are liked; no fear of sin in the heart — that is tamo-guṇa.
Good deeds disliked, faults liked, no fear of sin. **The ethical-sensor is off.** (Compare with 2.7.051 where śānti-kṣamā-dayā arise together as sattva marker.)
When good is disliked, faults liked, and sin has no fear — the ethical-sensor is off.
ब्रह्मवृत्तीचा उछेद । जीवमात्रास देणें खेद ।
करूं आवडे अप्रमाद । तो तमोगुण
brahmavṛttīcā ucheda | jīvamātrāsa deṇem kheda |
karūm āvaḍe apramāda | to tamoguṇa
The destruction of the Brahmic-disposition (brahma-vṛtti); giving grief to every living being; the liking for carelessness (apramāda) — that is tamo-guṇa.
Destruction of *brahma-vṛtti* (the Brahmic-disposition); causing grief to every being; liking carelessness. Active anti-sattva drive.
Anti-sattva drive — wanting brahma-vṛtti destroyed.
आग्नप्रळये शस्त्रप्रळये । भूतप्रळये वीषप्रळये ।
मत्सरें करीं जीवक्षये । तो तमोगुण
āgnapraḷaye śastrapraḷaye | bhūtapraḷaye vīṣapraḷaye |
matsarem karīm jīvakṣaye | to tamoguṇa
Destruction by fire, weapon; destruction by ghost, poison; out of envy, destroying life — that is tamo-guṇa.
Destruction by fire/weapon/ghost/poison; envy-driven life-destruction. Systematic violence catalog.
The destruction-methods catalog: fire, weapon, ghost, poison.
परपीडेचा संतोष । निष्ठुरपणाचा हव्यास ।
संसाराचा नये त्रास । तो तमोगुण
parapīḍecā samtoṣa | niṣṭhurapaṇācā havyāsa |
samsārācā naye trāsa | to tamoguṇa
Contentment in injuring others; craving for harshness; samsāra causes no distress [to him] — that is tamo-guṇa.
Contentment in injuring others; craving for harshness; samsāra causes no distress. **Perverse equilibrium** — inability to feel normal suffering as the signal it is.
Contentment in injuring others — perverse equilibrium. You cannot feel suffering as a signal.
भांडण लाऊन द्यावें । स्वयें कौतुक पाहावें ।
कुबुद्धि घेतली जीवें । तो तमोगुण
bhāmḍaṇa lāūna dyāvem | svayem kautuka pāhāvem |
kubuddhi ghetalī jīvem | to tamoguṇa
Provoking a quarrel between [others] and watching the spectacle oneself; [such] evil-intellect taking hold — that is tamo-guṇa.
Provoking quarrel between others and watching as spectacle. *Harm-as-entertainment* — the social-media era's ubiquitous tamas mode.
Harm-as-entertainment — provoking quarrels to watch.
प्राप्त जालियां संपत्ती । जीवांस करी यातायाती ।
कळवळा नये चित्तीं । तो तमोगुण
prāpta jāliyām sampattī | jīvāmsa karī yātāyātī |
kaḷavaḷā naye cittīm | to tamoguṇa
When wealth (sampatti) is attained, inflicting torment on living beings; compassion does not rise in the heart — that is tamo-guṇa.
Wealth-arrival inflates cruelty, compassion-subsystem off. **Material success amplifying latent tamas** is a specific chart pattern.
Wealth amplifying cruelty, compassion off — watch for this specific pattern.
नावडे भक्ति नावडे भाव । नावडे तीर्थ नावडे देव ।
वेदशास्त्र नलगे सर्व । तो तमोगुण
nāvaḍe bhakti nāvaḍe bhāva | nāvaḍe tīrtha nāvaḍe deva |
vedaśāstra nalage sarva | to tamoguṇa
Neither devotion nor feeling is liked; neither pilgrimage nor God; Vedas and śāstras are not required at all — that is tamo-guṇa.
Aversion to devotion, pilgrimage, Vedas, śāstras — an active-rejection mode, not mere indifference.
Active rejection (not indifference) of Vedas, śāstras, pilgrimage — tamas.
स्नानसंध्या नेम नसे । स्वधर्मीं भ्रष्टला दिसे ।
अकर्तव्य करीतसे । तो तमोगुण
snānasamdhyā nema nase | svadharmīm bhraṣṭalā dise |
akartavya karītase | to tamoguṇa
No bath-and-sandhyā, no observance; appears fallen from one's own dharma (sva-dharma); does what ought not be done — that is tamo-guṇa.
Abandoning daily observance (bath-sandhyā), fallen from own-dharma. *Discipline-collapse tamas signature.*
Discipline-collapse: no daily practice, fallen from own-dharma.
जेष्ठ बंधु बाप माये । त्यांचीं वचनें न साहे ।
सीघ्रकोपी निघोन जाये । तो तमोगुण
jeṣṭha bamdhu bāpa māye | tyāmcīm vacanem na sāhe |
sīghrakopī nighona jāye | to tamoguṇa
Elder brother, father, mother — their words he will not bear; flies into quick anger (śīghra-kopī) and storms off — that is tamo-guṇa.
Cannot bear elders' words; quick anger; storms off. *Rejection of parental-authority source* — connects to 2.1.008 source-opposition.
Cannot bear the words of elders, quick anger, storming off.
उगेंचि खावें उगेंचि असावें । स्तब्ध होऊन बैसावें ।
कांहींच स्मरेना स्वभावें । तो तमोगुण
ugemci khāvem ugemci asāvem | stabdha hoūna baisāvem |
kāmhīmca smarenā svabhāvem | to tamoguṇa
Eats absent-mindedly, sits absent-mindedly; sits stupefied; remembers nothing spontaneously — that is tamo-guṇa.
Eats absent-mindedly, sits stupefied, remembers nothing. **The dullness-tamas signature distinct from the anger-tamas signature.**
Sits stupefied, eats without awareness, remembers nothing — the dullness-tamas.
चेटकविद्येचा अभ्यास । शस्त्रविद्येचा हव्यास ।
मल्लविद्या व्हावी ज्यास । तो तमोगुण
ceṭakavidyecā abhyāsa | śastravidyecā havyāsa |
mallavidyā vhāvī jyāsa | to tamoguṇa
Practice of sorcery; craving for weapon-skill; wanting to become a wrestler — that is tamo-guṇa.
Sorcery-practice, weapon-skill craving, wrestling. Dark-skills attraction.
Attraction to dark skills — sorcery, weapon-obsession, violent competition.
केले गळाचे नवस । रडिबेडीचे सायास ।
काष्ठयंत्र छेदी जिव्हेस । तो तमोगुण
kele gaḷāce navasa | raḍibeḍīce sāyāsa |
kāṣṭhayamtra chedī jivhesa | to tamoguṇa
Making hook-vows (gaḷāce navasa); suffering chain-and-fetter ordeals; piercing the tongue with a wooden instrument — that is tamo-guṇa.
Hook-vows, chain-fetter ordeals, tongue-piercing with wooden instruments. **Self-harming austerity-masquerade — tamas wearing the disguise of tapas.
**Self-harming 'austerities' are not tapas — they are tamas.** Hook-vows, tongue-piercings, extreme ordeals.
मस्तकीं भदें जाळावें । पोतें आंग हुरपळावें ।
स्वयें शस्त्र टोचून घ्यावें । तो तमोगुण
mastakīm bhadem jāḷāvem | potem āmga hurapaḷāvem |
svayem śastra ṭocūna ghyāvem | to tamoguṇa
Burning the [matted] hair on the head; scorching the body with hot iron; piercing oneself with weapons — that is tamo-guṇa.
Burning matted hair, scorching body, weapon-piercing self. Continued catalog of tamas-disguised-as-austerity.
Burning hair, scorching body, weapon-self-piercing — tamas, not austerity.
देवास सिर वाहावें । कां तें आंग समर्पावें ।
पडणीवरून घालून घ्यावे । तो तमोगुण
devāsa sira vāhāvem | kām tem āmga samarpāvem |
paḍaṇīvarūna ghālūna ghyāve | to tamoguṇa
Offering one's head to the god; or offering the whole body; letting oneself fall from a height — that is tamo-guṇa.
Self-sacrifice at temple doors; offering head; jumping from heights. *Tamas pretending to be devotion.*
Offering oneself at the temple door, jumping from height — tamas masquerading as devotion.
निग्रह करून धरणें । कां तें टांगून घेणें ।
देवद्वारीं जीव देणें । तो तमोगुण
nigraha karūna dharaṇem | kām tem ṭāmgūna gheṇem |
devadvārīm jīva deṇem | to tamoguṇa
Imposing extreme restraint (nigraha) by holding oneself [in one position]; or hanging oneself up; giving up life at the temple door — that is tamo-guṇa.
Extreme restraint-by-holding; hanging oneself; giving up life at temple door. **Ramdas is explicit: these are not sattvic austerities; they are tamas.**
Stubborn self-holding, hanging at temple doors — tamas.
निराहार उपोषण । पंचाग्नी धूम्रपान ।
आपणास घ्यावें पुरून । तो तमोगुण
nirāhāra upoṣaṇa | pamcāgnī dhūmrapāna |
āpaṇāsa ghyāvem purūna | to tamoguṇa
Fasting without food; the five-fires austerity; smoke-inhalation; having oneself buried [alive] — that is tamo-guṇa.
Fasting-to-death, five-fires, smoke-inhalation, burial alive. Continuing tamas-austerities critique.
Fasting-to-death, five-fires, buried alive — tamas.
सकाम जें का अनुष्ठान । कां तें वायोनिरोधन ।
अथवा राहावें पडोन । तो तमोगुण
sakāma jem kā anuṣṭhāna | kām tem vāyonirodhana |
athavā rāhāvem paḍona | to tamoguṇa
Sa-kāma (with-desire) religious observance; or breath-restraint (vāyu-nirodhana); or remaining [stubbornly] lying down — that is tamo-guṇa.
Sakāma (desirous) observance; breath-restraint-beyond-capacity; stubborn lying-down. **Even pranayāma done with desire becomes tamasic.**
Even prānāyāma done with desire is tamasic. Niṣkāma is essential.
नखें केश वाढवावे । हस्तचि वर्ते करावे ।
अथवा वाग्सुंन्य व्हावें । तो तमोगुण
nakhem keśa vāḍhavāve | hastaci varte karāve |
athavā vāgsumnya vhāvem | to tamoguṇa
Letting nails and hair grow long; keeping the hand upraised; or taking a vow of total silence (vāg-sunya) — that is tamo-guṇa.
Long nails and hair; hand-upraised vow; total-silence-vow as stubbornness. *External signs of ascetic discipline may still be tamas* if they're clung to.
Long nails and hair, hand-upraised, total silence-vows — if clung to, tamas.
नाना निग्रहें पिडावें । देहदुःखें चर्फडावें ।
क्रोधें देवांस फोडावें । तो तमोगुण
nānā nigrahem piḍāvem | dehaduḥkhem carphaḍāvem |
krodhem devāmsa phoḍāvem | to tamoguṇa
Afflicting [oneself] with many restraints; writhing in body-pain; tearing down the gods in anger — that is tamo-guṇa.
Afflicting the body with restraints, writhing in pain, tearing down gods in anger. *Austerity that destroys the practitioner is tamas.*
Body-restraints that destroy the practitioner, tearing down gods in anger — tamas.
देवाची जो निंदा करी । तो आशाबद्धि अघोरी ।
जो संतसंग न धरी । तो तमोगुण
devācī jo nimdā karī | to āśābaddhi aghorī |
jo samtasamga na dharī | to tamoguṇa
He who reviles the gods; bound by desires, a hell-bound one (aghorī); he who holds not the company of saints — that is tamo-guṇa.
One who reviles the gods, bound by desires, hell-bound — one who does not keep the company of saints. **The diagnostic marker: avoidance of sat-sanga.** Compare 1.5's santa-stavana as counter-doctrine.
**The diagnostic marker: one who avoids the company of saints.**
ऐसा हा तमोगुण । सांगतां जो असाधारण ।
परी त्यागार्थ निरूपण । कांहीं येक
aisā hā tamoguṇa | sāmgatām jo asādhāraṇa |
parī tyāgārtha nirūpaṇa | kāmhīm yeka
Such is tamo-guṇa; to tell it is extraordinary; yet for the sake of renunciation, some exposition.
Summary: the tamas-description is extraordinary [hard to convey]; yet for the sake of renunciation, some exposition.
Summary: tamas is hard to describe; what is given is for renunciation.
ऐसें वर्ते तो तमोगुण । परी हा पतनास कारण ।
मोक्षप्राप्तीचें लक्षण । नव्हे येणें
aisem varte to tamoguṇa | parī hā patanāsa kāraṇa |
mokṣaprāptīcem lakṣaṇa | navhe yeṇem
He in whom tamo-guṇa acts — this is cause of ruin (patana); it is not the sign of attaining liberation (mokṣa-prāpti).
Tamas = cause of *patana* (ruin), not mokṣa. Even intense action-in-tamasic-mode does not lead to liberation.
Tamas leads to ruin, not mokṣa. Intense tamasic action does not liberate.
केल्या कर्माचें फळ । प्राप्त होईल सकळ ।
जन्म दुःखाचें मूळ । तुटेना कीं
kelyā karmācem phaḷa | prāpta hoīla sakaḷa |
janma duḥkhācem mūḷa | tuṭenā kīm
The fruit of performed actions will certainly be reaped; the root of birth is sorrow — this is not severed [by tamas].
The fruit of performed actions will be reaped; the root of birth is sorrow; tamas does not sever this.
Karma's fruit will be reaped; birth-sorrow's root is not severed by tamas.
व्हावया जन्माचें खंडण । पाहिजे तो सत्वगुण ।
तेंचि असे निरुपण । पुढिले समासीं
vhāvayā janmācem khamḍaṇa | pāhije to satvaguṇa |
temci ase nirupaṇa | puḍhile samāsīm
For the severance (khaṇḍana) of birth, sattva-guṇa is required; that exposition is in the next samāsa.
The remedy for severing the birth-chain is sattva-guṇa — exposition next in 2.7.
The remedy is sattva-guṇa — exposition next.