संत साहित्य
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संत साहित्य · Tukārām · Abhanga 2836 of 4582

Abhanga 2836

A canonical sādhaka-discipline text. The sādhaka's state should be detached; no entanglement inside-or-outside. Conquer greed and sleep; bhojana moderately. In solitude or public, to women, even on prāṇa-leaving, don't speak (anything inappropriate). Sanga of sajjana, uchchāra of Name, ghōṣa of kīrtana — day-and-night. He who remains in such sādhana — he alone gets jñāna by guru-krpā.

The canonical 4-verse sādhaka-discipline text
Recited as a daily sādhaka-vrata reminder
Recognizing the no-strī-vachana-even-on-prāṇa-leaving discipline

The verse

साधकाची दशा उदास असावी । उपाधि नसावी अंतर्बाही ॥१॥ लोलुपता काय नद्रिेतें जिणावें । भोजन करावें परमित ॥ध्रु.॥ एकांती लोकांतीं स्त्रियांशीं वचन । प्राण गेल्या जाण बोलों नये ॥२॥ संग सज्जनाचा उच्चार नामाचा । घोष कीर्तनाचा अहर्निशीं ॥३॥ तुका म्हणे ऐसा साधनीं जो राहे । तो चि ज्ञान लाहे गुरुकृपा ॥४॥

Literal translation

Sādhakāñcī daśā uddāsa asāvīthe sādhaka's state should-be uddāsa (detached, dispassionate); upādhi nasāvī antara-bāhīupādhi (entanglement, attachment) should-not-be — inside-and-outside. Lōlupatā kāyaas for lōlupatā (greed); nidre-tē jiṇāvē(it and) sleep — (one) must conquer; bhojana karāvē paramitabhojana should be done paramita (moderately, in-measure). Ekāntī lōkāntī striyāñśīm vachanain ekānta (solitude) or lokānta (public) — speech to strī (women); prāṇa gelyā jāṇa bōlōm nayēeven (if) prāṇa goes — know — should not be spoken. Sanga sajjanāñcāthe sanga of sajjana (good-company); uchchāra nāmāñcāthe uchchāra (utterance) of nāma; ghōṣa kīrtanāñcāthe ghōṣa (loud-proclaiming) of kīrtana; aharniśīmday-and-night. Tukā says: aisā sādhanī jō rāhēhe who remains in such sādhana; tō chi jñāna lāhehe alone gets jñāna; guru-krpāby guru's grace.

What it means

A canonical 4-verse sādhaka-discipline text. Each verse is a clear-discipline-list.

Verse 1: Sādhakāñcī daśā uddāsa asāvī — upādhi nasāvī antara-bāhīthe sādhaka's state should-be detached; no upādhi (entanglement) inside-or-outside. The foundational-discipline: detachment + freedom-from-entanglement (antara-bāhī = inside-and-outside).

Dhrūpada: Lōlupatā kāya nidre-tē jiṇāvē — bhojana karāvē paramitaconquer lōlupatā (greed) and nidrā (sleep); bhojana — done moderately. Three-fold discipline: (1) conquer greed; (2) conquer sleep; (3) moderate-eating.

Verse 2: Ekāntī lōkāntī striyāñśīm vachana — prāṇa gelyā jāṇa bōlōm nayēin ekānta or lokānta — speech to women — even on prāṇa-leaving, know — don't speak (anything inappropriate). The strict celibacy/restraint-discipline: don't engage in inappropriate-speech with women — even at the cost of life. (This is a male-sādhaka-discipline; the principle generalizes as no flirtation-or-inappropriate-engagement with-the-opposite-sex.) The phrasing — prāṇa-gelyā jāṇaeven if prāṇa goes — emphasizes the strictness.

Verse 3: Sanga sajjanāñcā uchchāra nāmāñcā — ghōṣa kīrtanāñcā aharniśīmsanga of sajjana, uchchāra of Nāma — ghōṣa of kīrtana — day-and-night. The three-fold-positive discipline: (1) good-company; (2) Name-utterance; (3) kīrtana-proclaiming — all day-and-night.

Verse 4 (close): Tukā mhaṇe aisā sādhanī jō rāhē — tō chi jñāna lāhe guru-krpāTukā: he who remains in such sādhana — he alone gets jñāna by guru-krpā. The qualification-claim: only the one who-holds-this-discipline gets jñāna — and even-then, only by guru-krpā. (Note: guru-krpā is the operative-cause; sādhana is the qualifying-condition, not the direct-cause.)

For someone today

A canonical sādhaka-discipline text. The sādhaka's state should be detached; no entanglement inside-or-outside. Conquer greed and sleep; bhojana moderately. In solitude or public, to women, even on prāṇa-leaving, don't speak (anything inappropriate). Sanga of sajjana, uchchāra of Name, ghōṣa of kīrtana — day-and-night. He who remains in such sādhana — he alone gets jñāna by guru-krpā.

Seven operative-disciplines for a sādhaka: (1) detached state; (2) no inside-outside upādhi; (3) conquer greed; (4) conquer sleep; (5) moderate-eating; (6) no inappropriate-speech-to-the-opposite-sex; (7) good-company + Name + kīrtana day-and-night. The verse can be recited as a daily-vrata-reminder. The closing-claim: guru-krpā is the operative-cause of jñāna; sādhana qualifies one for receiving it.

Where this applies