संत साहित्य
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संत साहित्य · Tukārām · Abhanga 306 of 4582

Abhanga 306

This abhang names five dhik-jīṇa categories — kinds of life that should produce shame:

When you encounter dhik-jīṇa categories — and you have to recognize the warnings
When withering-for-sādhu-status is the failure-mode — and you accept this critique
When nindaka-vādaka go to naraka — and you receive this rule

The verse

धिग जीणें तो बाइले आधीन । परलोक मान नाही दोन्ही ॥१॥ धिग जीणें ज्याचें लोभावरी मन । अतीतपूजन घडे चि ना ॥ध्रु.॥ धिग जीणें आळस निद्रा जया फार । अमित आहार अघोरिया ॥२॥ धिग जीणें नाहीं विवेक वैराग्य । झुरे मानालागीं साधुपणा ॥३॥ तुका म्हणे धिग ऐसे जाले लोक । निंदक वादक नरका जाती ॥४॥

Literal translation

English: Dhik the jīṇa of one wife-controlled — neither iha-loka nor para-loka honor (it). Dhik the jīṇa of one whose mind is on lōbhaatīta-pūjana never happens. Dhik the jīṇa of one with much ālasa-nidrāamita āhāra, aghoriyā. Dhik the jīṇa without viveka-vairāgya — withering for māna-along-with-sādhu-status. Tuka says: dhik such people — the nindaka-vādaka go to naraka.

मराठी: धिग जीणें तो बाइले आधीन — परलोक मान नाही दोन्ही. धिग जीणें ज्याचें लोभावरी मन — अतीतपूजन घडे चि ना. धिग जीणें आळस निद्रा जया फार — अमित आहार अघोरिया. धिग जीणें नाहीं विवेक वैराग्य — झुरे मानालागीं साधुपणा. तुकाराम म्हणतां — धिग ऐसे जाले लोक — निंदक वादक नरका जाती.

Word-by-word gloss
Marathi Meaning
धिग जीणें तो बाइले आधीन "dhik (shame) the jīṇa of one wife-ādhīna (controlled-by)"
परलोक मान नाही दोन्ही "neither iha-loka nor para-loka honor (it)"
धिग जीणें ज्याचें लोभावरी मन "dhik — mind on lōbha**"
अतीतपूजन घडे चि ना "atīta-pūjana never happens"
धिग जीणें आळस निद्रा जया फार "dhik — much ālasa-nidrā**"
अमित आहार अघोरिया "amita āhāra (limitless food), aghoriyā (gross / unrestrained)"
धिग जीणें नाहीं विवेक वैराग्य "dhik — without viveka-vairāgya**"
झुरे मानालागीं साधुपणा "withers for māna-along-with-sādhu-status"
धिग ऐसे जाले लोक "dhik (such) people who have become"
निंदक वादक नरका जाती "nindaka-vādaka go to naraka"

What it means

A dhik-jīṇa-list abhang. Five categories of shamefully-lived life:

  1. Wife-controlled (or partner-controlled). Bāyalē-ādhīna. The point is not anti-marriage (Tukaram is a householder); it is anti-being-controlled-by-the-spouse-instead-of-by-the-deva. The correct ordering: deva-first, family-included. The failure: spouse-prioritized over deva. Result: neither this-world nor other-world honor.

  2. Lōbha-mind, no atīta-pūjana. Greed in the mind prevents atīta-pūjana (worship-of-the-mendicant — see 280). The lōbha-mind cannot honor the atīta because the atīta represents the opposite-of-lōbha.

  3. Ālasa-nidrā-amita-āhāra-aghoriyā. Excessive laziness, sleep, foodaghoriyā (gross, unrestrained, beast-like). The body-tāmasic register. (Compare 268's social-corruption critique.)

  4. No viveka-vairāgya — withering for sādhu-status-honor. This is the most-subtle: withering for the māna (honor) of being-considered-a-sādhu. Without viveka and vairāgya, the person desires the social-recognition of sādhu-status without the substance. (Compare 244's abhimāna-renunciation.)

  5. Nindaka-vādaka go to naraka. Slanderer-debaters (those who spread nindā and engage in vāda / hostile-debate) go to naraka. (Compare 254's voice-used-up-in-nindā-stuti-stavanī; 283's no-dhīra-in-mouth.)

[T]

For someone today

This abhang names five dhik-jīṇa categorieskinds of life that should produce shame:

  1. Spouse-controlled (instead of deva-prioritized). Don't let the spouse-relation override the deva-relation. The spouse-relation is included, not prioritized-over.

  2. Lōbha-mind blocks honoring the mendicant. Greed prevents recognizing the value of the lōbha-renouncer. Check your mind for lōbha when atīta-figures arrive.

  3. Ālasa-nidrā-amita-āhāra is aghoriyā*. Excessive laziness, sleep, food is gross / beastly. Don't moderate this critique; the register is harsh*.

  4. Withering-for-sādhu-status is the most-subtle trap. Wanting the social-honor of being-considered-a-sādhu without viveka-vairāgya. This is more-subtle than the others; check yourself.

  5. Nindaka-vādaka go to naraka. Slanderer-debaternaraka destination. Don't engage in nindā or hostile-vāda.

For today: check yourself against these five categories; recognize the dhik-jīṇa-pattern when you see it in self-or-others; the categories are not equal — wife-controlled is failure-of-deva-priority, lōbha is greed, ālasa is body-tāmasic, sādhu-status-withering is the most-subtle, nindaka-vādaka is verbal-cruelty.

This abhang is important diagnostically: it gives five precise categories that each correspond to a structural-failure-mode of householder-bhakti-life. Use them as check-list for self-examination.

मराठी: ही ओवी पाच dhik-jīṇa categories नाव सांगते — अशा life-categories ज्या lajja produce करायला हव्यात:

  1. Spouse-controlled (देव-prioritized ऐवजी). Spouse-relation deva-relation override करायला देऊ नका. Spouse-relation included, prioritized-over नाही.

  2. Lōbha-mind मेंडिकंट-honor block करते. Greed lōbha-renouncer ची value recognize करण्यापासून रोखते. Atīta-figures आल्यावर तुमच्या मनात lōbha आहे का check करा.

  3. Ālasa-nidrā-amita-āhāra aghoriyā*. Excessive laziness, sleep, food gross / beastly. Moderate करू नका; register harsh*.

  4. Sādhu-status-withering most-subtle trap. Viveka-vairāgya शिवाय sādhu-म्हणून सामाजिक-honor want करणं. इतरांपेक्षा more-subtle; स्वतः check करा.

  5. Nindaka-vādaka naraka जातात. Slanderer-debater — naraka destination. Nindā किंवा hostile-vāda मध्ये engage होऊ नका.

आज: या पाच categories विरुद्ध स्वतः check करा; self-or-others मध्ये dhik-jīṇa-pattern दिसला तर ओळखा; categories equal नाहीत — wife-controlled deva-priority चं failure, lōbha greed, ālasa body-tāmasic, sādhu-status-withering most-subtle, nindaka-vādaka verbal-cruelty.

Where this applies

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