संत साहित्य
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संत साहित्य · Tukārām · Abhanga 1467 of 4582

Abhanga 1467

For today: I tell the Veda-karmas as varmas before saints; four varṇas come from one body — pāpa-puṇya is just distributed; the path is one from first step to end; mango, jujube, banyan, acacia, sandalwood differ by quality but the fire is one; until the mind becomes unmana, keep the vidhi.

When you'd see how vidhi and bhakti coexist — Veda-karma told as varma; four varṇas in one body, no bheda in path; many trees, one fire; keep vidhi until mind is unmana

The verse

वेदविहित तुम्ही आइका हो कर्में । बोलतों तीं वर्में संतांपुढे ॥१॥ चारी वर्ण जाले एकाचिये अंगीं । पापपुण्य भागीं विभागिलें ॥ध्रु.॥ प्रथम पाउलीं पावविला पंथ । आदि मध्य अंत भेद नाहीं ॥२॥ आंबे बोरी वड बाभुळा चंदन । गुणागुणें भिन्न अग्नि एक ॥३॥ तुका म्हणे मन उन्मन जों होय । तोंवरि हे सोय विधि पाळीं ॥४॥

Literal translation

English: The veda-vihita karmas — listen — I speak those varmas before samtas. The four varṇas became in one body — pāpa-puṇya distributed into bhāgas. At the first step, the path was given — beginning-middle-end, no bhēda. Mango, jujube, banyan, acacia, sandalwood — by guṇa-guṇa, different; agni, one. Tuka says: until the mana becomes unmana — until then, keep this sōya, vidhi.

मराठी: वेद-विहित — तुम्ही — आइका — हो — कर्में; — बोलतों — तीं — वर्में — संतां-पुढे. चारी — वर्ण — जाले — एकाचिये — अंगीं; — पाप-पुण्य — भागीं — विभागिलें. प्रथम — पाउलीं — पावविला — पंथ; — आदि — मध्य — अंत — भेद — नाहीं. आंबे — बोरी — वड — बाभुळा — चंदन; — गुणा-गुणें — भिन्न — अग्नि — एक. Tukā म्हणे — मन — उन्मन — जों — होय; — तोंवरि — हे — सोय — विधि — पाळीं.

Word-by-word gloss
Marathi Meaning
वेदविहित तुम्ही आइका हो कर्में "vēda-vihita (Veda-prescribed) — you all hear (aikā hō) — karmas"
बोलतों तीं वर्में संतांपुढे "I speak — those — varma (= vital secrets) — before samtas"
चारी वर्ण जाले एकाचिये अंगीं "the cāri varṇa (four classes) — became — in one body (ēkācīyē angīm)"
पापपुण्य भागीं विभागिलें "pāpa-puṇya — into bhāgas (= shares) — was distributed (vibhāgilēm)"
प्रथम पाउलीं पावविला पंथ "at prathama pā'ulī (first step) — was given (pāvavilā) — the pantha (path)"
आदि मध्य अंत भेद नाहीं "ādi-madhya-anta (beginning-middle-end) — bhēda — there is none"
आंबे बोरी वड बाभुळा चंदन "mango, jujube (bōrī), banyan (vaḍa), acacia (bābhuḷa), sandalwood (candana)"
गुणागुणें भिन्न अग्नि एक "guṇa-guṇē (= qualities-by-qualities) — different (bhinna); — agni — one"
तुका म्हणे मन उन्मन जों होय "Tuka says — manaunmana (= mind-beyond-mind / supra-mental) — until (jōm) — becomes"
तोंवरि हे सोय विधि पाळीं "until then — this sōya (= path / orientation) — vidhi — keep (pāḷīm)"

What it means

Veda-karma-and-vidhi-until-unmana abhang. A reconciling-summary on the role of vidhi in bhakti. The opening: vēda-vihita tumhī aikā hō karmēm — bōlatōm tīm varmēm samtām-puḍhēthe Veda-prescribedkarmas — you all hear; — I speak — those varma (= vital-secrets) — before samtas. The Veda-karma's varma (= secret-vital-points) — Tuka declares them before saints. (Notable: this is Veda-affirming, contra the anti-Veda-pedant register of 1456 — the distinction is vidhi-as-tool vs opinion-talking*.)

The unity-claim: cārī varṇa jālē ēkācīyē angīm — pāpa-puṇya bhāgīm vibhāgilēmthe four varṇas became — in one body; — pāpa-puṇya — into bhāgas (shares) — was distributed. The Puruṣa-Sūkta-image: the four-varṇas come from one body (= the Virāṭ-Puruṣa's body); pāpa-puṇya is just distribution-of-portions. (= varṇa-difference is secondary-distribution, not fundamental-bhēda.)

The path-unity: prathama pā'ulīm pāvavilā pantha — ādi madhya anta bhēda nāhīmat the first step — the pantha (path) was given; — beginning-middle-end — no bhēda. The path is one from the very first step to the end; no internal divisions. (= bhakti is one-and-undivided, even from the beginning; not progressive-stages with bheda.)

The strong tree-fire image: āmbē bōrī vaḍa bābhuḷā candana — guṇāguṇē bhinna agni ēkamango, bōrī (jujube), vaḍa (banyan), bābhuḷa (acacia), candana (sandalwood); — by guṇa-guṇa (= each-by-its-own-quality) — different; — but agni — is one. The tree-fire image: all five trees burn differently because of their guṇa-properties (sandalwood-fragrant, acacia-thorny, etc.) — but the *fire that consumes them all is one. (Foundational unity-in-diversity image; cf. Bhagavad-Gītā 7.7 yathā maṇi-gaṇā* — like beads on a string.)

The closing-counsel: mana unmana jōm hōya — tōmvarī hē sōya vidhi pāḷīmuntil mana becomes unmana (= mind-beyond-mind / supra-mental); — until then — keep (pāḷīm) — this sōya (path / orientation) — vidhi. Practical bhakti-counsel: until the mind reaches unmana (= the amanas-state beyond mind), keep doing the vidhi (= the prescribed-Veda-karma). (= bhakti-with-vidhi is not contradictory; vidhi is the vehicle until unmana is reached. Tuka here grants Veda-vidhi a transitional place — distinct from his absolutist anti-vidhi statements like 1411 and 1461 — they are addressed to advanced-bhaktas with mature bhāva; for those still ascending, vidhi-until-unmana.)

[T]

For someone today

For today: I tell the Veda-karmas as varmas before saints; four varṇas come from one body — pāpa-puṇya is just distributed; the path is one from first step to end; mango, jujube, banyan, acacia, sandalwood differ by quality but the fire is one; until the mind becomes unmana, keep the vidhi.

Where this applies

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