संत साहित्य
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संत साहित्य · Tukārām · Abhanga 310 of 4582

Abhanga 310

This abhang names the child-bhakta epistemology:

When the child does not know what the father has — and you have to recognize this register
When the father places things behind, embraces the child — and you accept this protective-act
When by bhāva, understand me on my behalf — and you receive this petition

The verse

काय कळे बाळा । बाप सदैव दुबळा ॥१॥ आहे नाहीं हें न कळे । हातीं काय कोण्या वेळे ॥ध्रु.॥ देखिलें तें दृष्टी । मागे घालूनियां मिठी ॥२॥ तुका म्हणे भावें । माझ्या मज समजावें ॥३॥

Literal translation

English: What does the bāḷa know? — the bāpa always-seems dubaḷa. What is, what isn't — (the child) doesn't know — what (is) in (his) hand at what time. Saw with dṛṣṭi — placing (the seen-thing) behind — embraces. Tuka says: by bhāva — understand me on my behalf.

मराठी: काय कळे बाळा — बाप सदैव दुबळा. आहे नाहीं हें न कळे — हातीं काय कोण्या वेळे. देखिलें तें दृष्टी — मागे घालूनियां मिठी. तुकाराम म्हणतां — भावें — माझ्या मज समजावें.

Word-by-word gloss
Marathi Meaning
काय कळे बाळा "what does the bāḷa know"
बाप सदैव दुबळा "the bāpa (father) always-seems-dubaḷa (disabled)"
आहे नाहीं हें न कळे "what is — what isn't — the bāḷa doesn't know"
हातीं काय कोण्या वेळे "what (is) in the hāta (hand) at what time**"
देखिलें तें दृष्टी "saw with dṛṣṭi**"
मागे घालूनियां मिठी "placing (the seen-thing) behind — embraces (the child)"
भावें माझ्या मज समजावें "by bhāva — understand me on my behalf"

What it means

A child-bhakta abhang. Three claims:

  1. काय कळे बाळा — बाप सदैव दुबळाwhat does the bāḷa know? — the bāpa always-seems dubaḷa. The bāḷa-bhakta perspective: from the child's-eye, the father always-seems dubaḷa (disabled, weak)because the child cannot see the father's resources. The child's perception of the father's-disability is the child's limitation, not the father's actuality. (Compare 302's self-state-determines-perception; here, the child's-state-determines-the-father-perception.)

  2. आहे नाहीं हें न कळे — हातीं काय कोण्या वेळेwhat is, what isn't — child doesn't know — what (is) in (the father's) hand at what time. The child does not have access to the father's resourceswhat the father has, when, where. The child's epistemological-limit.

  3. देखिलें तें दृष्टी — मागे घालूनियां मिठीsaw with dṛṣṭi — placing (it) behind, embraces. The protective-act. When the child sees (something potentially-dangerous), the father places that-thing behind (= out of the child's reach) and embraces the child. The child's danger is averted by the father's care. (Mage ghālavīyāto put behind / remove from immediate-access; miṭhī ghālaṇēto embrace.)

  4. तुका म्हणे भावें — माझ्या मज समजावेंTuka says: by bhāva — understand me on my behalf. The closing-petition. The bhakta cannot understand his own state from his own perspective; he asks the deva to understand-him-on-his-own-behalf, by bhāva. Mājhyā maja samajāvēunderstand me on my own behalfthe bhakta cannot self-understand fully; the deva must understand-on-the-bhakta's-behalf.

[T]

For someone today

This abhang names the child-bhakta epistemology:

  1. You don't know the father's resources. Kāya kaḷē bāḷā — bāpa sadaiva dubaḷa. From the child's-eye, the father seems disabled / unable / inadequate. This seeming is the child's limit, not the father's actuality. Don't take your perception of the deity's apparent-inability as the deity's actuality.

  2. What he has, when, where — you don't know. Āhē nāhī hē na kaḷē — hātīm kāya kōṇyā vēḷē. The deity's resources are not transparent to you. What the deity will produce, when, in what formnot your knowledge.

  3. The deity places dangers behind and embraces you. Dekhilē tē dṛṣṭi — māge ghālaviyām miṭhī. The protective-mechanism: when you see a danger, the deity removes it from your reach and embraces you. Your seeing of the danger is the cue for the deity's act, not the danger's actualization.

  4. Ask the deity to understand-you-on-your-behalf, by bhāva. Bhāvē mājhyā maja samajāvē. Self-understanding is limited; the deity's bhāva-mediated understanding is needed. The petition is for the deity to understand me as I cannot understand myself**.

For today: recognize the child-bhakta epistemology — you don't know the father's-resources; trust the protective-mechanism (place-behind-and-embrace); ask the deity to understand-you-by-bhāva. The child does not need to know all the father's resources to be safe; the father's protective-care is the safety.

This abhang is psychologically tender: it offers the child-bhakta posture as the honest-acknowledgment of limit + the protective-care framework. The bhakta is not asked to be omniscient; the bhakta is the bāḷa whose father is sadaiva-dubaḷa-only-from-the-bāḷa's-eye.

मराठी: ही ओवी child-bhakta epistemology नाव सांगते:

  1. Father चे resources तुम्हाला माहीत नाहीत. काय कळे बाळा — बाप सदैव दुबळा. Child च्या-eye पासून, father disabled / unable / inadequate seems. हे seeming child ची-limit, father च्या-actuality नाही. देवाच्या apparent-inability च्या तुमच्या perception ला देवाची-actuality समजू नका.

  2. त्याच्याकडे काय आहे, कधी, कुठे — तुम्हाला माहीत नाही. आहे नाहीं हें न कळे — हातीं काय कोण्या वेळे. देवाचे resources तुम्हाला transparent नाहीत. देव काय produce करेल, कधी, कोणत्या form मध्येतुमचं knowledge नाही.

  3. देव dangers मागे ठेवतो आणि तुम्हाला embrace करतो. देखिलें तें दृष्टी — मागे घालूनियां मिठी. Protective-mechanism: तुम्ही danger पाहिला तर देव तुमच्या reach मधून काढून तुम्हाला embrace करतो. Danger चं तुमचं seeing देवाच्या act ला cue, danger चं actualization नाही.

  4. देवाला तुम्हाला bhāva-ने तुमच्या-behalf समजायला सांगा. भावें माझ्या मज समजावें. Self-understanding limited; देवाची bhāva-mediated understanding लागते. Petition देवाला तुम्ही स्वतःला समजू शकत नाही तसं समजायला**.

आज: child-bhakta epistemology ओळखा — father चे-resources माहीत नाहीत; protective-mechanism (place-behind-and-embrace) वर trust करा; देवाला bhāva-ने समजायला सांगा. Child ला safe असण्यासाठी father चे सर्व resources माहीत असायला नकोत; father ची protective-care safety आहे.

Psychologically tender: child-bhakta posture honest-acknowledgment of limit + protective-care framework म्हणून offer करते. Bhakta ला omniscient होण्याची गरज नाही; bhakta म्हणजे bāḷa ज्याचा father फक्त-bāḷa-च्या-eye-पासून-sadaiva-dubaḷa दिसतो.

Where this applies

Related verses