संत साहित्य
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संत साहित्य · Tukārām · Abhanga 1464 of 4582

Abhanga 1464

For today: don't look at a fake-bhakta's face — it's like seeing a mātṛ-gamana; keep solitude — that protects bhajana; never meet a slanderer with cāṇḍāḷa-duality in belly; don't speak with him — pāpa grows by his very sight.

When you'd avoid the corruption of fake-bhakta company — don't see the abhakta's face like mātṛ-gamana; keep solitude; don't meet nindaka — pāpa grows by his sight

The verse

नये पाहों मुख मात्रागमन्याचें । तैसें अभक्ताचें गुरुपुत्रा ॥१॥ म्हणऊनि बरें धरितां एकांत । तेणें नव्हे घात भजनासी ॥ध्रु.॥ नये होऊं कदा निंदकाची भेटी । जया द्वैत पोटीं चांडाळाच्या ॥२॥ तुका म्हणे नका बोलों त्यासी गोष्टी । जयाचिये दृष्टी पाप वाढे ॥३॥

Literal translation

English: Should not see the face of a mātṛ-gamana — like that, the abhakta's, O guru-putra. Therefore, good to keep ēkānta — by that, no ghāta to bhajana. Never happen the nindaka's meeting — in whose pōṭa is cāṇḍāḷa-duality. Tuka says: don't speak gōṣṭī to him — by whose dṛṣṭi, pāpa grows.

मराठी: नये — पाहों — मुख — मात्रा-गमन्याचें; — तैसें — अभक्ताचें — गुरु-पुत्रा. म्हणऊनि — बरें — धरितां — एकांत; — तेणें — नव्हे — घात — भजनासी. नये — होऊं — कदा — निंदकाची — भेटी; — जया — द्वैत — पोटीं — चांडाळाच्या. Tukā म्हणे — नका — बोलों — त्यासी — गोष्टी; — जयाचिये — दृष्टी — पाप — वाढे.

Word-by-word gloss
Marathi Meaning
नये पाहों मुख मात्रागमन्याचें "should not see — face — of a mātṛ-gamana (= one who has had intercourse with mother)"
तैसें अभक्ताचें गुरुपुत्रा "like that (taisēm) — abhakta's — O guru-putra (disciple)"
म्हणऊनि बरें धरितां एकांत "therefore — good to keep (dharitām) — ēkānta (solitude)"
तेणें नव्हे घात भजनासी "by that — there's no ghāta (loss / killing) — to bhajana"
नये होऊं कदा निंदकाची भेटी "let it never (kadā) — happen — nindaka's (slanderer's) — bhēṭa (meeting)"
जया द्वैत पोटीं चांडाळाच्या "in whose — pōṭa (belly) — dvaita (duality / hostility) — of the cāṇḍāḷa"
तुका म्हणे नका बोलों त्यासी गोष्टी "Tuka says — don't speak (nakō bōlōm) — to him — gōṣṭī (talk)"
जयाचिये दृष्टी पाप वाढे "by whose dṛṣṭi (sight) — pāpa — grows"

What it means

Avoid-fake-bhakta-like-mātṛ-gamana abhang. The most extreme avoidance-injunction in Tukaram's corpus. The opening: nayē pāhōm mukha mātṛ-gamaṇyācēm — taisēm abhaktācēm guru-putrādon't see — the face — of a mātṛ-gamana (= one who has committed incest with mother — the strongest taboo in classical Indian dharma); — like that — the abhakta's (face) — O guru-putra (= disciple-of-the-guru). Striking: fake-bhakta's-face is taboo-equivalent to incest-perpetrator's-face. (Strong enough to be uncomfortable; the guru-putra address suggests it's a pedagogical-instruction to disciples — Tuka explicitly addresses those-being-trained.)

The corollary: mhaṇa'ūnī barēm dharitām ēkānta — tēṇē navhē ghāta bhajanāsītherefore — good to keep ēkānta (solitude); — by that — no ghāta (= loss / killing) — to bhajana. Solitude prevents the bhajana-killing-encounter. (Compare 1455's sukha pāvē śāntī dharūnī ēkānta — sukha by śānti-and-solitude.)

The further-warning: nayē hō'ūm kadā nindakācī bhēṭī — jayā dvaita pōṭīm cāṇḍāḷācyālet it never happen — meeting with the nindaka (slanderer); — in whose pōṭa (belly) — there's dvaita (= duality / hostility) — of the cāṇḍāḷa. Cāṇḍāḷa — caste-marker, but here moral-cāṇḍāḷaone with hostile-duality in heart. (Note: Tuka uses cāṇḍāḷa metaphorically, not casteistically — for moral lowness; cf. 1316's pro-Vaiṣṇava-cāmbhāra abhang where the same word is positively applied to a vaiṣṇava-cāmbhāra. Tuka's caste-language is consistently moral, not birth-based*.)

The closing: nakō bōlōm tyāsī gōṣṭī — jayācīyē dṛṣṭī pāpa vāḍhēdon't speak gōṣṭī (talk) to him — by whose dṛṣṭi (sight) — pāpa grows. Even being-seen by him grows pāpa. (= avoidance is total: not just speech, even being-seen-by-him is harmful.)

[T]

For someone today

For today: don't look at a fake-bhakta's face — it's like seeing a mātṛ-gamana; keep solitude — that protects bhajana; never meet a slanderer with cāṇḍāḷa-duality in belly; don't speak with him — pāpa grows by his very sight.

Where this applies

Related verses