Abhanga 312
This abhang gives the structural-mahimā of ekādaśī-vrata with positive promises and consequences:
The verse
एकादशीस अन्न पान । जे नर करिती भोजन । श्वानविष्ठे समान । अधम जन तो एक ॥१॥ ऐका व्रताचें महिमान। नेमें आचरती जन । गाती ऐकतीं हरिकीर्तन । ते समान विष्णूशीं ॥ध्रु.॥ अशुद्ध विटाळसीचें खळ । विडा भिक्षतां तांबूल । सांपडे सबळ । काळाहातीं न सुटे ॥२॥ सेज बाज विलास भोग । करी कामिनीशीं संग । तया जोडे क्षयरोग । जन्मव्याधी बळिवंत ॥३॥ आपण न वजे हरिकीर्तना । अणिकां वारी जातां कोणा । त्याच्या पापें जाणा । ठेंगणा महा मेरु ॥४॥ तया दंडी यमदूत । जाले तयाचे अंकित । तुका म्हणे व्रत । एकादशी चुकलीया ॥५॥
Literal translation
English: Eating anna-pāna on ekādaśī — those who eat — equal to śvāna-viṣṭhā — adhama jana. Listen — the vrata-mahimā — those who observe with nēma; those who sing-and-listen to hari-kīrtana — equal to Vishnu. Aśuddha viṭāḷaśī-khaḷa — begging-tāmbūla — caught strongly — not released from kāḷa's hand. Sez-baz-vilāsa-bhōga — does sanga with kāminī — gets kṣaya-rōga. Doesn't go to hari-kīrtana himself, prevents others — his pāpa — mahā-Meru becomes ṭhengaṇā. Tuka says: yama-dūta become his ankita for daṇḍa — if ekādaśī is missed.
मराठी: एकादशीस अन्न पान — जे नर करिती भोजन — श्वानविष्ठे समान — अधम जन तो एक. ऐका व्रताचें महिमान — नेमें आचरती जन — गाती ऐकतीं हरिकीर्तन — ते समान विष्णूशीं. अशुद्ध विटाळसीचें खळ — विडा भिक्षतां तांबूल — सांपडे सबळ — काळाहातीं न सुटे. सेज बाज विलास भोग — करी कामिनीशीं संग — तया जोडे क्षयरोग — जन्मव्याधी बळिवंत. आपण न वजे हरिकीर्तना — अणिकां वारी जातां कोणा — त्याच्या पापें जाणा — ठेंगणा महा मेरु. तुकाराम म्हणतां — तया दंडी यमदूत — जाले तयाचे अंकित — व्रत — एकादशी चुकलीया.
Word-by-word gloss
| Marathi | Meaning |
|---|---|
| एकादशीस अन्न पान जे नर करिती भोजन | "on ekādaśī, those who eat anna-pāna**" |
| श्वानविष्ठे समान अधम जन तो एक | "equal to śvāna-viṣṭhā — adhama jana**" |
| ऐका व्रताचें महिमान | "listen — the vrata-mahimā**" |
| नेमें आचरती जन | "those who observe with nēma (discipline / rule)" |
| गाती ऐकतीं हरिकीर्तन ते समान विष्णूशीं | "those who sing and listen to hari-kīrtana — equal to Vishnu" |
| अशुद्ध विटाळसीचें खळ विडा भिक्षतां तांबूल | "aśuddha viṭāḷaśī-khaḷa (impure-state) — begging-tāmbūla" |
| सांपडे सबळ काळाहातीं न सुटे | "caught strongly — not released from kāḷa's hand**" |
| सेज बाज विलास भोग करी कामिनीशीं संग | "sez-baz-vilāsa-bhōga — does sanga with kāminī**" |
| तया जोडे क्षयरोग जन्मव्याधी बळिवंत | "gets kṣaya-rōga (consumption), strong life-disease" |
| आपण न वजे हरिकीर्तना अणिकां वारी जातां कोणा | "does not go to hari-kīrtana himself, prevents others" |
| त्याच्या पापें जाणा ठेंगणा महा मेरु | "his pāpa, know — mahā-Meru becomes ṭhengaṇā (dwarfed)" |
| तया दंडी यमदूत जाले तयाचे अंकित | "yama-dūta become his ankita (subordinates) for daṇḍa (punishment)" |
| व्रत एकादशी चुकलीया | "if ekādaśī-vrata is missed" |
What it means
A 5-verse ekādaśī-vrata abhang. Tukaram's ekādaśī-vrata-mahimā in detail. Five claims:
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Eating anna-pāna* on ekādaśī = śvāna-viṣṭhā-equivalent. Adhama jana. The food-eaten on ekādaśī is equal to dog's-droppings. The register is harsh: the violation is grave*.
-
Hari-kīrtana-singers and listeners on ekādaśī = Vishnu-equivalent. Te samāna Vishnu-śīm. The vrata-honoring — with nēma (discipline) and hari-kīrtana — makes the observer Vishnu-equivalent. The positive-promise.
-
Other ekādaśī-violations: aśuddha-state begging tāmbūla, sez-baz-vilāsa-kāminī-sanga. Begging-tāmbūla in impure-state and engaging in sex on ekādaśī — caught strongly by kāḷa, kṣaya-rōga arises. The body-effects of vrata-violation are real.
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Blocking others from hari-kīrtana = pāpa-larger-than-Meru. Tyāchyā pāpe — ṭhengaṇā mahā-meru. Mt. Meru becomes a ṭhengaṇā (dwarf) beside his pāpa. Active-blocking-others is the largest pāpa in this abhang. (Compare 244 of-the-deva-while-disrespecting-the-deva; 280's saint-atikrama makes deva-pūjā adharma.)
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Yama-dūta as subordinates for punishment. Yama-dūta become ankita (subordinates) — they come at his command (= come to punish him) — if the ekādaśī-vrata is missed.
[T]
For someone today
This abhang gives the structural-mahimā of ekādaśī-vrata with positive promises and consequences:
-
Ekādaśī-eating is grave. Equivalent to dog's-droppings. Food-on-ekādaśī violates the vrata-frame. (Note: ekādaśī-vrata in warkari tradition is specifically a fast on the eleventh-lunar-day, with hari-kīrtana focus. Tukaram's gravity-claim is for those who take the vrata and break it; not a universal-norm imposed on those-not-taking-the-vrata.)
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Singing-and-listening to hari-kīrtana on ekādaśī = Vishnu-equivalent. The positive-promise. Vrata observance with kīrtana-content makes the observer Vishnu-equivalent in this register.
-
Body-effects of vrata-violation. Sex on ekādaśī yields kṣaya-rōga. Tāmbūla-begging in impure-state binds to kāḷa. The body and karma respond to vrata-discipline.
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Blocking-others is the largest pāpa. Mahā-Meru becomes dwarf beside it. If you don't go yourself and prevent others — that pāpa exceeds Meru. (Compare 280's saint-atikrama; 213's bhedakas-must-be-tāḍita.)
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Yama-dūta as personal-punishers for vrata-violation. Yama-dūta become his ankita. The consequence-mechanism is individualized.
For today: if you observe ekādaśī-vrata, observe with full-discipline (food, body, kīrtana); if you don't, don't block others (this is the largest pāpa in the abhang). The vrata-mahimā is real for those who take it; the violation-consequences are real for those who break it; the blocking-others-pāpa is universal-applicable (= blocking-others-from-bhakti is bad regardless of whether you yourself are observing).
This abhang is important for vrata-tradition-context: it gives the gravity of vrata observance and violation, with the most-radical claim being about blocking-others.
मराठी: ही ओवी ekādaśī-vrata चं structural-mahimā — positive promises आणि consequences सह — देते:
-
Ekādaśī-eating grave. Dog-droppings-equivalent. Ekādaśī-वर food vrata-frame violate करतं.
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Ekādaśī ला hari-kīrtana = Vishnu-equivalent. Positive-promise. Vrata observance with kīrtana-content observer ला Vishnu-equivalent या register मध्ये बनवते.
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Vrata-violation चे body-effects. Ekādaśī ला sex kṣaya-rōga देतं. Impure-state मध्ये tāmbūla-begging kāḷa ला बांधतं. Body आणि karma vrata-discipline ला respond करतात.
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इतरांना block करणं largest pāpa. Mahā-Meru त्यापुढे dwarf होतो. तुम्ही स्वतः जात नाहीत आणि इतरांना रोखता — तो pāpa Meru ओलांडतो.
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Vrata-violation साठी yama-dūta personal-punishers. Yama-dūta त्याचे ankita बनतात. Consequence-mechanism individualized.
आज: तुम्ही ekādaśī-vrata observe करत असाल — full-discipline (food, body, kīrtana) ने observe करा; नसाल — इतरांना block करू नका (हा abhang मधला largest pāpa). Vrata-mahimā घेणाऱ्यांसाठी real; violation-consequences तोडणाऱ्यांसाठी real; blocking-others-pāpa universal-applicable (= bhakti पासून इतरांना block करणं — तुम्ही स्वतः observing असो वा नसो, वाईट).
Where this applies
- Ekādaśī-vrata observance with kīrtana = Vishnu-equivalent.
- Eating / sex / impure-state during vrata = grave.
- Blocking others from kīrtana = pāpa-larger-than-Meru. Universal applicable.
- Yama-dūta personalized for vrata-violators.