संत साहित्य
Work in progress. Translations and commentary are AI-generated and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations — please use your own judgement and check against the original sources.
संत साहित्य · Tukārām · Abhanga 1298 of 4582

Abhanga 1298

For today: the world is Deva — but rebuke the bad svabhāva out of hita-kaḷavaḷā; without it, kāla takes them.

When you must rebuke even though the world is Deva — Tuka says: hita-kaḷavaḷā compels — (otherwise) kāla takes them

The verse

जग तरि आम्हां देव । परि हे निंदितों स्वभाव ॥१॥ येतो हिताचा कळवळा । पडती हातीं म्हुन काळा ॥ध्रु.॥ नाहीं कोणी सखा । आम्हां निपराध पारिखा ॥२॥ उपक्रमें वदे । तुका वर्मासी तें भेदे ॥३॥

Literal translation

English: The jaga is Deva to us — yet I rebuke (the bad) svabhāva. The kaḷavaḷā of (their) hita arises (in me) — (because they) fall into the hand of kāla. No one (here) is sakhā — to us, even the niparādha is pārikha. Tuka speaks by upakrama — that pierces the varma.

मराठी: जग आम्हांला देव-च खरें — पण ह्या (वाईट) स्वभावाला निंदितों. त्यांच्या हिताचा कळवळा येतो — कारण नाहींतर — ते कालाच्या हातीं पडतील. इथें कोणीच सखा नाहीं — आमच्यासाठीं — निपराध-हि पारिखा. Tukā उपक्रमें वदतो — तेच वर्मास भेदतें.

Word-by-word gloss
Marathi Meaning
जग तरि आम्हां देव "the jaga (world) is Deva to us"
परि हे निंदितों स्वभाव "but I rebuke (this) — the (bad) svabhāva"
येतो हिताचा कळवळा "the kaḷavaḷā (heart-pang) of (their) hita arises (in me)"
पडती हातीं म्हुन काळा "(because they) fall into the hand of kāla"
नाहीं कोणी सखा "no one (here) is sakhā (close-friend)"
आम्हां निपराध पारिखा "to us, even the niparādha (innocent) is pārikha (alien)"
उपक्रमें वदे "(Tuka) speaks by upakrama (preliminary opening)"
तुका वर्मासी तें भेदे "Tuka — that pierces (bhēdē) the varma (the vital secret-spot)"

What it means

The teacher's-paradox abhang. The opening tension is precise: jaga tarī āmhām Devathe world is Deva to us (cf. 1238 Viṭṭhala sarva-bhūtīm). But pari hē nindītōm svabhāvayet I rebuke (this) — the (bad) svabhāva.

How to reconcile? — yētō hitācā kaḷavaḷāthe heart-pang of their hita arises. The rebuke is for-their-good. Without it, paḍatī hātīm mhuna kāḷāthey fall into kāla's hand (= die unredeemed).

Nāhīm kōṇī sakhāno one (here) is sakhā — even Tuka is alone in this care. Niparādha pārikhaeven the niparādha (innocent) is pārikha (alien) to us — meaning Tuka can't claim closeness with anyone, no special friends to plead for; his rebuke is universal.

The closing technical line: upakramē vadē — Tukā varmāsī tē bhēdē(Tuka) speaks by upakrama (a preliminary, an opening / strategic-frame) — and that pierces the varma. Tuka's technique is upakrama-vāda — strategic openings — which find the varma (the vital secret-spot, the joint-of-the-armor).

[T]

For someone today

For today: the world is Deva — but rebuke the bad svabhāva out of hita-kaḷavaḷā; without it, kāla takes them.

Where this applies

Related verses